藏鸡高原低氧适应性微进化机制研究进展  

Research Progress on Microevolution Mechanism of High-altitude Hypoxic Adaptation in Tibetan Chicken

作　　者：陈雪娇 钟海安 张博 凌遥 张浩 吴常信 CHEN Xuejiao;ZHONG Haian;ZHANG Bo;LING Yao;ZHANG Hao;WU Changxin(Plateau Animal Genetic Resources Center,College of Animal Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学动物科学技术学院,高原畜禽遗传资源研究中心,北京100193

出　　处：《中国畜牧杂志》2023年第2期1-5,共5页Chinese Journal of Animal Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1200803);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-40)。

摘　　要：藏鸡是世居在我国青藏高原地区的小型地方鸡种,对高原极端环境具有独特的适应性。藏鸡的低氧适应性表现在低氧孵化胚胎期死亡率低,胚胎心脏和尿囊绒毛膜(CAM)低氧条件下能维持正常的发育和功能。研究通过比较低氧孵化时藏鸡与低地鸡种的胚胎心脏和CAM组织基因表达,已经鉴定了一系列参与心肺系统发育、血管生成等途径的重要候选基因,但未能清楚阐明藏鸡胚胎适应低氧的分子进化机制,还需要进一步解析关键功能基因的功能及其机制。本文从生理表型、基因组选择和基因表达调控等方面回顾了藏鸡高原低氧适应性微进化机制研究进展,为藏鸡资源创新利用和优质高效新品种培育提供基础。Tibetan chicken is a small local chicken species living in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China, which has unique adaptability to extreme environment on the plateau. The adaptability of Tibetan chickens to hypoxia showed that the mortality was low during the embryonic stage under hypoxia incubation, and the embryonic heart and chorioallantoic membrane(CAM) could maintain normal development and function under hypoxia condition. A series of important candidate genes involved in cardiopulmonary system development and angiogenesis have been identified by comparing the gene expression in myocardium and CAM tissues of Tibetan and lowland chicken breeds during hypoxia incubation. However, the molecular evolutionary mechanism of Tibetan chicken embryo adaptation to hypoxia has not been clearly elucidated, and the function and mechanism of key functional genes need to be further analyzed. In this paper, we reviewed the research progress of adaptive microevolution of Tibetan chickens under hypoxia from the aspects of physiological phenotype, genomic selection and gene expression regulation, providing a basis for innovative utilization of Tibetan chickens resources and breeding of high-quality and efficient new varieties.

关 键 词：藏鸡 低氧适应 基因组选择 基因表达调控 

分 类 号：S831.2[农业科学—畜牧学]