依法保障农村妇女成员资格并兑现土地与分配权  

Guarantee the Legal Membership of Rural Women and Their Right to Land and Distribution

作　　者：李慧英[1] LI Hui-ying(Party School of the CPC Central Committee/National Academy of Governance,Beijing 100089,China)

机构地区：[1]中共中央党校(国家行政学院),北京100089

出　　处：《山东女子学院学报》2023年第2期60-66,共7页Journal of Shandong Women＇s University

摘　　要：要依法保障农村妇女成员资格并兑现土地与分配权,需要进行新的路径选择,从现行的将集体成员资格交给村民自治认定,转向通过国家立法予以认定,并将其纳入即将出台的《中华人民共和国农村集体经济组织法》。推行以上政策有三方面的理由:其一,村民自治只能用于村集体的公共权力与公共事务,不能用于个人权利与身份认定;其二,农村离宗法宗族文化更近,离国家法律政策更远,农村的生活方式以父系血缘为连接纽带,以男娶女嫁为婚居方式,以男性财产继承为主轴,与国家法律精神存在对立冲突;其三,从将近百年争取农村妇女土地权益的历史来看,我国妇女土地权益的推进始终在与乡村社会宗法文化进行博弈,当中国共产党面对宗法文化毫不退让,善于制定针对性的对策并建立一套行之有效的运作机制时,就会遏制宗法文化并推进乡村男女权利平等的进程。基于以上观点,建议依法制定出明确、统一、可量化的农村集体组织成员资格标准;在立法的基础上强化政府部门的职责;明确政府行政权力与村民自治权力的边界与职能。In order to guarantee the rural women’s membership and fulfill the right of land and distribution according to law,it is necessary to choose a new path,shifting from current collective membership to villagers’self-recognition,to recognizing and incorporating it into the forthcoming“Law of the People’s Republic of China Rural Collective Economic Organization”through national legislation.There are three reasons for implementing the above policies.First,villagers’autonomy can only be used for the public power and public affairs of the village collective,not for the identification of individual rights and identities.Second,the rural areas are closer to the patriarchal clan culture and further away from national laws and policies.The rural life style is connected by paternal consanguinity,with male-oriented marriage and male property inheritance as the main line,which is in conflict with the spirit of national laws and regulations.Third,from the nearly 100-year history of fighting for rural women’s land rights and interests,the promotion of women’s land rights and interests in China has always been in competition with the patriarchal clan culture in rural society.The Communist Party of China does not give in to the patriarchal clan culture,and it does well in formulating targeted countermeasures and establishing an effective operating mechanism,it will contain the patriarchal clan culture and promote the equality of rights between men and women in rural areas.Based on the above views,this paper puts forward three legislative suggestions to curb rural patriarchal clan culture.

关 键 词：集体组织 村民自治 父系家庭 宗法文化 依法认定 

分 类 号：D922.32[政治法律—法学]