论“永宁公社”摩梭人婚姻家庭制度的改革(1974—1976)  

On the Reform of Mosuo People’s Family-based Marriage System in“Yongning Commune”(1974—1976)

作　　者：李金莲 LI Jin-lian(Chuxiong Normal University,Chuxiong 675000,China)

机构地区：[1]楚雄师范学院马克思主义学院,云南楚雄675000

出　　处：《山东女子学院学报》2023年第2期88-95,共8页Journal of Shandong Women＇s University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“新中国建立以来婚姻政策在西南民族地区的实施研究”(项目编号:17BDJ059)。

摘　　要：20世纪70年代中期,宁蒗县永宁公社对摩梭人的传统婚姻家庭制度进行了新一轮的试点改革。这次改革持续了近两年时间,试图彻底改变摩梭人的母系家庭和走婚制度,让他们实行一夫一妻结婚共居的婚姻家庭制度。改革初期侧重于强调积极宣传和正面引导,要求实施慎重而细致的措施。当发现通过单纯的思想教育不能有效推进改革时,便开始加大执行政策的力度和速度,在短时间内就使摩梭人的结婚登记率达到了较高的比例,并实现了一夫一妻结婚共居。改革结束后不久,大多数登记结婚的摩梭人就散伙了,他们恢复了母系大家庭和走婚生活,部分摩梭人出于各种原因保持了一夫一妻结婚共居的婚姻家庭形式。虽然这次改革的巩固率并不高,但在一定程度上奠定了摩梭人婚姻家庭制度改革的基调。In mid-1970s,a new round of pilot reform on Mosuo people’s family-based marriage system was carried out by Yongning Commune,Ninglang County.The reform lasted for nearly two years,with an attempt to transform the matrilineal family and walking marriage system of Mosuo ethnic group and guide Mosuo people to follow the marital monogamy system under which the couple lives together after marriage.In the early stage,the reform laid much emphasis on positive publicity and guidance and required implementing prudent and meticulous measures.When it was found that the reform failed to move on effectively through solely ideological education,the implementation was intensified and accelerated,resulting in a high rate of marriage registration among Mosuo people within a short period and the marriage state of a couple living together.Soon after the end of reform,however,most registered Mosuo people parted and resumed their matrilineal family and walking marriage tradition;while some still remained the form of marital monogamy for various reasons.Although this reform produced a limited effect,it pointed out a keynote of the reform on Mosuo people’s family-based marriage system to some extent.

关 键 词：永宁公社 摩梭人 婚姻家庭制度 一夫一妻结婚共居(异居) 

分 类 号：C913.11[经济管理]