大花紫薇花部综合特征和繁育特性  

Floral Syndromeand Breeding System of Lagerstroemia speciosa

作　　者：孙阳 袁娟 郭萍 朱栗琼 招礼军[1] Sun Yang;Yuan Juan;Guo Ping;Zhu Liqiong;Zhao Lijun(Guangxi University,Nanning 530000,P.R.China;Municipal Government of Weijiang Township,Longsheng Ethnic Autonomous County;Guangxi State-owned Qinlian Forest Farm;Guangxi Agricultural Vocational University)

机构地区：[1]广西大学,南宁530000 [2]广西壮族自治区桂林市龙胜各族自治县伟江乡人民政府 [3]广西国有钦廉林场 [4]广西农业职业技术大学

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2023年第3期60-66,共7页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：广西林业厅“木本香花植物资源收集和研究示范”项目(BB33600230)。

摘　　要：为深入了解大花紫薇(Lagerstroemia speciosa)的开花生殖特性,推动其杂交育种工作,提高观赏性,对其花部特征进行观察记录和测量,并通过杂交指数估算、测定花粉活力和柱头可授性、观察访花昆虫以及人工授粉试验等对其进行了研究。结果表明:大花紫薇集中在5—8月开放,单花花期2~8 d;花朵一般于凌晨开放,开花过程可分为4个阶段(花萼开裂期、花瓣外展期、花药散粉期、枯萎凋落期)。大花紫薇花粉数-胚珠数比为5 445.45,杂交指数为4。雌蕊与雄蕊同步成熟。大花紫薇自然状态下结实率为72%,人工异株异花授粉、同株异花授粉和自花授粉的结实率分别为90%、74%和68%。根据以上结果判定,大花紫薇繁育系统是以异交为主、部分自交亲和的混合交配系统,且需要传粉者完成授粉过程。大花紫薇传粉者包括蜂类、蝇类和蝶类昆虫等,主要传粉昆虫为熊蜂和中华蜜蜂.In order to understand the flowering and reproductive traits of Lagerstroemia speciosa, and to promote the process of hybrid breedingand improve its ornamental value, we conducted a series of experimental studies. The floral syndrome of L. speciosaand pollinators were observed and recorded, and the pollen vitality, stigma receptivity and artificial pollination test were investigated. The major flowering stage of L. speciosawas from May to August, with a single flowering period of 2 to 8 d. Flowers generally opened in the early morning. The single flowering process can be divided into four stages: namely, the calyx dehiscenting stage, petals expanding stage, anther shedding pollen stage, and flower withering stage. The pollen-ovule ratioof L. speciosawas 5 445.45, and the hybridization index was 4. The stigma had highest receptivity when pollen viability peaked. The seed setting rate of L. speciosa in nature was 72%, while the seed setting rates of artificial self-pollination, artificial cross-pollination of the same plant, and artificial cross-pollination of different plants were 68%, 74% and 90%, respectively. From above results, it is concluded that the breeding system of L. speciosawas based on a mixed mating system with mainly outcrossing and partial self-compatibility, and it required pollinators to finish the pollination process. The main pollinators were bees, fliesand butterflies, such as bumblebee and Chinese bee.

关 键 词：生殖生物学 繁育系统 传粉机制 花部特征 大花紫薇 

分 类 号：S722[农业科学—林木遗传育种]