水曲柳、落叶松人工林土壤无脊椎动物群落结构及对凋落物分解的影响  

Community Structure of Soil Invertebrates in Fraxinus mandshurica and Larix gmelinii Plantations and Their Effects on Litter Decomposition

作　　者：何瑞雪 谢旭强 马双娇 王庆成[1] 朱凯月 巩瑞 剡丽梅 段嘉靖 He Ruixue;Xie Xuqiang;Ma Shuangjiao;Wang Qingcheng;Zhu Kanyue;Gong Rui;Yan Limei;Duan Jiajing(Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management,Ministry of Education,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2023年第3期107-116,共10页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2572020DP04)。

摘　　要：土壤无脊椎动物作为生态系统的重要分解者,在凋落物分解的不同时期其群落结构会对凋落物分解产生影响。通过采用不同孔径(0.01、2.00、4.00 mm)凋落物分解袋法,探究了在不同时期(土壤冻结前期、土壤冻结期、生长期)落叶松(Larix gmelinii)、水曲柳(Fraxinus mandshurica)人工纯林土壤无脊椎动物群落结构及其对凋落物分解率、养分动态影响。结果表明:凋落物分解过程中土壤无脊椎动物群落组成受凋落物类型影响。水曲柳林凋落物袋内土壤无脊椎动物优势类群是甲螨亚目(Oribatida)、线蚓科(Enchytraeidae)、棘虫兆科(Onychiuridae),落叶松林优势类群是甲螨亚目(Oribatida)、棘虫兆科(Onychiuridae)。水曲柳林无脊椎动物个体数、多样性高于落叶松林。土壤无脊椎动物功能类群结构随凋落物分解进程发生变化,且土壤无脊椎动物功能类群与凋落物分解率显著相关(P<0.05)。水曲柳林凋落物分解率大于落叶松林。土壤无脊椎动物对凋落物分解具有明显的促进作用,表现为:大型、中小型无脊椎动物和微生物共同作用大于中小型无脊椎动物和微生物共同作用大于仅微生物作用。土壤无脊椎动物个体数和类群数与全N质量分数、有机C质量分数显著相关(P<0.05)。土壤无脊椎动物对落叶松林凋落物分解的贡献率大于水曲柳林。不同体型土壤动物在凋落物分解的不同时期对凋落物分解的贡献存在差异。土壤无脊椎动物的群落特征在针、阔叶林凋落物中存在明显差异,且其对落叶松人工林凋落物分解的贡献较大。As an important decomposer of the ecosystem, soil invertebrate community structure has an impact on litter decomposition at different stages of litter decomposition. The soil invertebrate community structure of Larix gmelinii and Fraxinus mandshurica artificial pure forests at different periods(before soil freezing, during soil freezing, and during growth) and its impact on litter decomposition rate and nutrient dynamics were studied by using litter decomposition bag method with different apertures(0.01, 2.00 and 4.00 mm). The composition of soil invertebrate community was affected by litter type during litter decomposition. The dominant groups of soil invertebrates in the litter bag of F. mandshurica forest are Oribatida, Enchytraeidae, Onychiuridae, and the dominant groups of L. gmelinii forest are Oribatida, Onychiuridae. The individual number and diversity of invertebrates in F. mandshurica forest are higher than those in L. gmelini forest. The structure of functional groups of soil invertebrates changed with the decomposition process of litter, and the functional groups of soil invertebrates were significantly correlated with the decomposition rate of litter(P<0.05). The litter decomposition rate of F. mandshurica forest is higher than that of L. gmelini forest. Soil invertebrates have an obvious promoting effect on litter decomposition, which is shown as follows: the joint action of large, small and medium-sized invertebrates and microorganisms is greater than that of small and medium-sized invertebrates and microorganisms alone. The number of individuals and groups of soil invertebrates were significantly correlated with total N and organic C contents(P<0.05). The contribution rate of soil invertebrates to litter decomposition of L. gmelini forest is greater than that of Manchurian ash forest. The contribution of different types of soil animals to litter decomposition is different at different stages of litter decomposition. The community characteristics of soil invertebrates are significantly different in

关 键 词：水曲柳 落叶松 土壤无脊椎动物 凋落物分解 养分释放 

分 类 号：S791[农业科学—林木遗传育种]