中国刑法的发展方向:安全刑法抑或自由刑法  

The Development Direction of Chinese Criminal Law:Security Criminal Law or Freedom Criminal Law

作　　者：刘艳红 Liu Yanhong

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学刑事司法学院

出　　处：《政法论坛》2023年第2期60-72,共13页Tribune of Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金重大招标课题“数字经济的刑事安全风险防范体系建构研究”(21&ZD209)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：现行刑法施行25年来,以11部刑法修正案为代表的刑事立法,体现了中国安全刑法的形成之路。前十部刑法修正案的内容体现了安全刑法的逐渐形成,《刑法修正案(十一)》的颁行则意味着我国安全刑法的正式形成。当安全作为刑法保护的首要价值时,引发了法益论的全面崩溃。面对安全刑法的冲击和挑战,未来中国刑法的走向必须进行理性定位。从中国式现代化的实现要求来看,中国刑法的发展方向应该是自由刑法,而非安全刑法。自由刑法才能维护法益论实质内涵及刑法行为主义,也才能维护现代刑法体系;中国刑法应树立以自由为前提的安全观,通过适度的安全刑法逐步回归自由刑法;权利自由是现代社会公民基本人权以及国家刑罚权正当化的根基,从刑法长远发展来看,中国刑法的发展方向是而且只能是自由刑法。In the twenty-flve years since the current criminal law was implemented,the criminal legislation represented by eleven amendments to criminal law embodies the road to the formation of China’s security criminal law.The contents of the ten laws before those amendments to Criminal Law embody the gradual formation of security criminal law,and the promulgation of the Amendment(XI)to the Criminal Law means the formal formation of our security criminal law.When security is the primary value of criminal law protection,it causes the collapse of legal interest theory.Facing the impact and challenge of security criminal law,the future trend of Chinese criminal law must be rationally positioned.From the requirement of realizing Chinese modernization,the development direction of Chinese criminal law should be free criminal law,rather than security criminal law.Only by free criminal law can we maintain the essence of the theory of legal interest and the behaviorism of criminal law,and also can we maintain the modern criminal law system.China’s criminal law should set up the security concept with the premise of freedom,and gradually return to the free criminal law through appropriate security criminal law.The right freedom is the foundation of the basic human rights of citizens in modern society and the justiflcation of the state penalty right.From the long-term development of criminal law,the development direction of Chinese criminal law is and can only be the free criminal law.

关 键 词：中国式现代化 刑法修正案 安全刑法 自由刑法 法益论 

分 类 号：D924[政治法律—刑法学]