最高人民法院审判职权的“刚性”与“弹性”配置  

The“Rigid”and“Flexible”Disposition of the Judicial Power of the Supreme People’s Court

作　　者：何帆 He Fan

机构地区：[1]最高人民法院国际合作局

出　　处：《政法论坛》2023年第2期97-108,共12页Tribune of Political Science and Law

摘　　要：审级职能是各级法院在审级架构、诉讼制度、审判业务中承上启下的职责和功能。审判职权则是不同层级法院审理案件的范围。审级职能的定位,决定了审级程序设置和审判职权配置。以选择案件的自主权为标准,最高人民法院的审判职权可以分为“刚性”与“弹性”两类。四级法院审级职能定位改革试点工作调整了民事、行政再审审查“上提一级”的法律规定,限缩了向最高人民法院申请再审的案件范围,适度扩大了最高审判机关的“弹性”审判职权,初步实现了再审领域的“择案而审”。只有在四级两审制框架下选准“择案而审”的切入点,厘清再审之诉的价值取向,完善当事人权益的配套保障,科学配置好最高人民法院的“刚性”和“弹性”职权,才有利于更好地实现其监督指导全国审判工作、确保法律正确统一适用的审级职能。The function of trial level is the responsibility and function of courts at all levels in the structure of trial level,litigation system and trial business.Judicial power is the scope of courts at different levels to hear cases.The positioning of the functions of the trial level determines the setting of the procedure of the trial level and the allocation of judicial powers.The judicial powers of the Supreme People’s Court can be divided into two categories:“rigid”and“flexible”,based on its autonomy in choosing cases.The pilot reform of the trial functions of the four-level courts adjusted the legal provisions on the“higher level”of civil and administrative retrial review,limited the scope of cases applying to the Supreme People’s Court for retrial,moderately expanded the“flexible”judicial powers of the supreme judicial organ,and initially realized the“trial by case selection”in the fleld of retrial.Only by selecting the entry point of“trial by case selection”under the framework of four-level and two-trial system,clarifying the value orientation of the litigation of retrial,perfecting the supporting protection of the rights and interests of the parties,and scientifically allocating the“rigid”and“flexible”functions of the Supreme People’s Court,can it better realize its trial level functions of supervising and guiding the national trial work and ensuring the correct and unifled application of laws.

关 键 词：审级职能 审判职权 最高法院 职能定位 再审之诉 法律审 

分 类 号：D926.21[政治法律—法学]