民法典“夫妻一方事后追认”制度研究  

Research on“Subsequent Ratiflcation by another Spouse”in Civil Code

作　　者：张学军 Zhang Xuejun

机构地区：[1]苏州大学王健法学院

出　　处：《政法论坛》2023年第2期133-143,共11页Tribune of Political Science and Law

基　　金：司法部2022年度法治建设与法学理论研究部级科研项目“律师事务所执业风险和责任承担问题研究”(22SFB3023)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：依据《民法典》第1064条第1款,夫妻一方与第三人订立的合同若得到夫妻另一方的事后追认,合同债务则属夫妻共同债务。就夫妻一方与第三人订立的合同哪些需要追认而言,应被限定在取得、管理、处分夫妻共同财产依法必须征得夫妻双方同意的合同。就夫妻一方与第三人订立的合同在追认之前的法律效力而言,应该否定对订立合同方配偶单独生效、合同无效、合同可撤销的立法,而应规定合同效力待定。就夫妻一方与第三人订立的合同在追认之后的当事人而言,应该否定追认方配偶变成当事人的立法,而应规定只有订立合同方配偶系一方当事人。就夫妻一方与第三人订立的合同能否得到其他补救而言,应该补充规定夫妻另一方事先同意和实施禁止反悔的行为。According to the flrst section of Article 1064 in Civil Code,if the contract entered into by one spouse and the third party is ratifled by another spouse,the debt incurred by the contract is marital community debt.In terms of which contract entered into by one spouse and the third party needs to be ratifled,it should be limited to the contract to acquire,manage and dispose of community property,and to need both spouses joining according to the law.In terms of the legal effects of the contract entered into by one spouse and the third before it is ratifled,the rule of validity to the contracting spouse,the rule of invalidation of contract,and the rule of canceling the contract all should be negated,the rule of prospect valid contracts should be introduced.In terms of the party of the contract entered into by one spouse and the the third after it is ratifled,the rule of ratifying spouse also becoming the contracting party should be negated,the rule of contracting party remaining unchanged should be introduced.In terms of whether the contract entered into by one spouse and the the third should have other remedies,the rule of authorization in advance by another spouse and the estoppel should be introduced.

关 键 词：夫妻一方事后追认 效力待定 事先同意 禁止反悔 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]