红宝石梨园土壤微生物群落与养分对低分子有机酸的响应  

Response of soil microbial community and nutrients to low molecular weight organic acids in a Hongbaoshi pear orchard

作　　者：邵微 徐国益[2] 于会丽 谢宁[2] 高登涛 司鹏[2] 吴国良[1,3] SHAO Wei;XU Guoyi;YU Huili;XIE Ning;GAO Dengtao;SI Peng;WU Guoliang(College of Forestry,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,Henan,China;Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450009,Henan,China;College of Horticulture,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学林学院,郑州450002 [2]中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所,郑州450009 [3]河南农业大学园艺学院,郑州450002

出　　处：《果树学报》2023年第3期481-493,共13页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：特色林果业(红枣、苹果、香梨和葡萄)简约栽培标准化模式研究与示范推广;中国农业科学院基本科研业务费专项(Y2021XC07-1)。

摘　　要：【目的】从梨土壤养分与微生物群落方面,探究红宝石梨树土壤养分与微生物群落应对低分子有机酸的变化规律,并分析梨树土壤微生物群落与养分吸收及果实品质之间的关系。【方法】以施用氮磷钾肥为对照,设置5%与10%的苹果酸(LM与HM)、柠檬酸(LC与HC)、草酸(LO与HO)与氮磷钾肥配施为处理,测定梨树土壤养分与微生物群落功能多样性等指标。【结果】与对照相比,低分子有机酸处理降低了梨园土壤EC值,柠檬酸与草酸显著降低了梨园土壤pH,而柠檬酸与LO处理显著降低了有机质含量。LC显著降低了土壤硝态氮含量,而LO则显著升高了土壤铵态氮含量。与对照相比,低分子有机酸显著降低了0~20 cm土层土壤有效P含量,而LM显著升高>20~40 cm土层速效K含量。另外,低分子有机酸显著改变了梨树土壤微生物群落多样性指数与碳源利用特征,其中HM显著升高0~20 cm土层多样性指数,而LO则显著降低了羧酸类与氨基酸类的利用强度。相关分析表明,0~20 cm土层微生物群落与果实维生素C含量、果实氮磷钾含量、产量等呈负显著相关,而>20~40 cm土层微生物群落与单果质量、果实色泽、果实钾含量以及叶片氮含量呈正显著相关。【结论】苹果酸、柠檬酸及草酸与氮磷钾配施改变了梨园土壤养分含量与微生物群落碳特征,与0~20 cm土层相比,>20~40 cm土层微生物群落在梨树养分吸收与果实品质提升方面发挥着更为重要的作用。【Objective】The LMWOAs in the rhizosphere can drive the changes of the rhizospheric microbial community by affecting pH and EC values,and promote the dissolution of some insoluble nutrient ions,thereby increasing the effective nutrient content in the rhizosphere.In addition,LMWOAs have strong chelating ability and form complexes with various metal ions,thereby increasing the absorption of metal ions by plants.As a microbial carbon source,LMWOAs attract beneficial microbe to the rhizosphere and promote the colonization and proliferation of probiotics in the rhizosphere to avoid the invasion of pathogenic bacteria.From the aspect of pear soil microbial community and nutrients,the relationship between microbial community and nutrient uptake and fruit quality after low molecular weight organic acid(LMWOAs)treatment was analyzed.【Methods】Using Hongbaoshi pear as the experimental material,5%and 10%malic acid(LM and HM),citric acid(LC and HC)and oxalic acid(LO and HO)combined with NPK fertilizers were set(5% and 10% respectively represent 5% and 10% of the total amount of LMWOAs and NPK fertilizers),with only NPK fertilizers serving as a control to determine the effects of LMWOAs on soil nutrients and the functional diversity of microbial community【.Results】Soil EC values decreased with LMWOAs,in which citric acid and oxalic acid significantly decreased compared to the control.Also,soil pH were significantly decreased by citric acid and oxalic acid.Compared with the control,the organic matter content significantly decreased with citric acid and LO,while the organic matter content at 0-20 cm soil layer with LM and HM significantly decreased by 49.44% and 36.52%,respectively.Compared with the control,the nitrate nitrogen content at 0-20 cm soil layer with LC significantly decreased by 34.28%,while the nitrate nitrogen content at>20-40 cm soil layer with HM and LC significantly decreased by 54.46% and 44.22%.The ammonium nitrogen content at 0-20 cm soil layer significantly increased with LO and HO by 49.37% and

关 键 词：梨树 低分子有机酸 土壤养分 土壤微生物功能多样性 相关分析 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]