乙唑螨腈和腈吡螨酯对山楂叶螨的亚致死效应  

Sublethal effects of cyetpyrafen and cyenopyrafen on Tetranychus viennensis

作　　者：赵向杰 周浩然 刘倩 袁彬乔 涂洪涛[1] ZHAO Xiangjie;ZHOU Haoran;LIU Qian;YUAN Binqiao;TU Hongtao(Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Henan Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology,Zhengzhou 450009,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所·河南省果树瓜类生物学重点实验室,郑州450009

出　　处：《果树学报》2023年第3期547-555,共9页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：河南重大公益专项(201300110500);国家重点研发专项(2017YFE0135600);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP-2016-RIP)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确乙唑螨腈和腈吡螨酯亚致死浓度对山楂叶螨Tetranychus viennensis的影响,为2种杀螨剂的科学应用提供理论依据。【方法】采用叶碟喷雾法测定2种杀螨剂对山楂叶螨雌成螨和卵的室内毒力,选择LC_(15)和LC_(30)处理雌成螨和卵,记录生命表相关参数;使用紫外-可见光分光光度计测定酶活性变化。【结果】乙唑螨腈LC_(15)处理卵显著提高F_(0)代雌成螨产卵量,达到41.26粒,净增殖率提高为33.6478,乙唑螨腈LC_(30)处理卵F_(0)代雌成螨的世代平均历期延长为15.64 d,腈吡螨酯LC_(15)处理卵F_(0)代雌成螨的世代平均历期缩短为13.02 d;乙唑螨腈和腈吡螨酯LC_(30)处理雌成螨后,F_(0)代雌成螨的寿命、产卵量、子代卵孵化率和净增殖率显著降低,乙唑螨腈LC_(15)和腈吡螨酯亚LC_(30)世代平均历期分别显著缩短为13.30和11.07 d,乙唑螨腈LC_(30)显著降低子代雌雄比,延长种群加倍时间。2种药剂亚致死剂量处理后,谷胱氨肽S-转移酶(glutathione S-transferase,GST)活性相比于对照降低,其中腈吡螨酯亚致死浓度LC_(15)和LC_(30)处理成螨后酶活性最低,均只有3.87 U·g^(-1)。各处理中羧酸酯酶(carboxylesterase,CarE)活性相比于对照组都升高,其中乙螨唑腈LC_(30)卵处理组酶活性最高(247.20 U·g^(-1))。【结论】乙唑螨腈和腈吡螨酯处理山楂叶螨雌成螨后抑制种群发展;乙唑螨腈处理山楂叶螨卵促进种群繁殖,腈吡螨酯处理山楂叶螨卵对种群则无影响。【Objective】Tetranychus viennensis is an important pest on deciduous fruit trees like apples in northern China,damaging mainly leaf blades,leaf tips and calyx.When the mite seriously damages,it causes fruit yield reduction.Today,acaricides are still of utmost importance in the control of T.viennensis and this is unlikely to change in the near future.Excessive chemical use also leads to accumulation of pesticide residues in the produce,destruction of beneficial insects,pest resurgence and environmental pollution.The experiment was conducted to clarify the effect of the sublethal concentration of cyetpyrafen and cyenopyrafen on T.viennensis.At present,the promotion and application of the new acaricides cyetpyrafen and cyenopyrafen have been tried in the field,and this study can provide a theoretical basis for the rational rotation of the two acaricides and the management of pest resistance to mites.【Methods】The sponge pad was trimmed to be flat and square,and placed in the Petri dish after fully absorbing water.Filter paper was placed on the sponge,and the apple leaves were trimmed to round leaf discs with a diameter of 25 mm.The apple leaves were placed downward on the filter paper to make leaf discs.The distilled water was added into the Petri dish,and the water surface kept lower than the filter paper.T.viennensis were raised in leaf dishes that were placed in an artificial climate chamber[(28±1)℃,16 h∶8 h(L∶D)and(70%±10%)RH].The indoor toxicity of two acaricides to female adult mites and eggs of T.viennensis was determined by leaf dish spray method.Cyetpyrafen and cyenopyrafen were diluted at 5-7 concentration gradients with distilled water.Potter spray tower was used to atomize and evenly spray the solution onto the surfaces of mites and leaves,and then they were placed in an artificial climate chamber for observation.LC_(15) and LC_(30) were selected to treat female adult mites and eggs,and the parameters related to the life table were recorded.The parameters of the population life table were c

关 键 词：山楂叶螨 亚致死效应 乙唑螨腈 腈吡螨酯 解毒酶 

分 类 号：S661.5[农业科学—果树学]