太阳能热脱盐的途径和应用研究  

Research on pathways and applications for solar thermal desalination

作　　者：陈付爱 牛纪娥 CHEN Fuai;NIU Ji’e(School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering,Shandong Jianzhu University,Ji’nan 250101,China;Shandong Urban Construction Design Institute,Ji’nan 250001,China)

机构地区：[1]山东建筑大学市政与环境工程学院,山东济南250101 [2]山东省城建设计院,山东济南250001

出　　处：《工业水处理》2023年第3期48-54,共7页Industrial Water Treatment

摘　　要：太阳能热脱盐(Solar thermal desalination,STD)是一种极具潜力的低能耗、可持续海水淡化新方法,可用于在能源基础设施不完备的干旱地区生产清洁淡水。目前,通过改进太阳能吸收材料和系统设计来提高STD效率受到越来越多的关注。系统地介绍了各类高效光热转换材料的特点及其在利用太阳辐射进行海水淡化方面的应用,然后从隔热结构和冷凝结构设计等不同的角度讨论了STD系统的热能管控措施,并进一步阐明了潜热回收的重要性,最后,总结了STD系统工艺现有的局限性和提高STD系统脱盐效率的有效途径,并对STD系统的实用性和经济性进行了展望,以期为开发更高产水率、更低能耗的可再生能源脱盐新工艺提供参考。Solar thermal desalination(STD)is a promising novel method of low-energy sustainable seawater desalination,which can be utilized to produce clean fresh water in arid regions with inadequate energy infrastructure.Currently,increasing STD efficiency through improving solar absorbent materials and system designs attracts increasing attentions.The characteristics of various efficient photothermal conversion materials and their applications in seawater desalination using solar radiation were introduced systematically.Then thermal energy control measures of STD system were discussed from different perspectives such as the design of thermal insulation structures and condensing structures,and the importance of latent heat recovery was expounded further.Finally,the existing limitations of STD process and the effective ways to improve the efficiency of STD system desalination were summarized,and the practicability and economy of STD system were prospected.It hopes to provide reference for the development of a new desalination process of renewable energy with higher water yield and lower energy consumption.

关 键 词：太阳能热脱盐 海水淡化 高盐水 多效蒸馏 多级闪蒸 膜蒸馏 

分 类 号：P747[天文地球—海洋科学]