行政处罚主观归责模式的反思与调整——基于处罚种类多元化的思考  

Reflection and Adjustment of the Subjective Imputation Model of Administrative Punishment:Thinking Based on the Diversification of Punishment Types

作　　者：王明喆 Wang Mingzhe

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学法学院

出　　处：《财经法学》2023年第2期83-96,共14页Law and Economy

摘　　要：主观归责论者基于尊重个人意志自决、实现行政处罚制度目的的考量,同时参考比较法上的做法,主张行政处罚应采用主观归责模式。修订后的《行政处罚法》采纳了这一观点,确立了行政处罚的主观归责模式。但是结合我国实定法上的行政处罚制度可以发现,主观归责模式并不完全合理,因为我国行政处罚具有典型的处罚种类多元化特征。《行政处罚法》第9条规定的处罚种类中,部分行政处罚并不必然具有制裁性,对其适用主观归责模式并无必要。部分行政处罚具有多目的性,适用主观归责模式反而可能妨碍其目的的实现。比较法上的经验也表明主观归责模式应当以“小处罚”模式为前提。主观归责模式的适用范围应当限制在行政拘留、罚款等真正的行政处罚之中,对于非真正的行政处罚则应当适用客观归责模式。Subjective imputation theorists,based on the consideration of respecting individual will self-determination and realizing the purpose of administrative punishment system,and referring to the practice of comparative law,advocate that administrative punishment should adopt subjective imputation model.The revised Administrative Punishment Law adopted this view and established the subjective imputation model of administrative punishment.However,combined with the actual law system of administrative punishment in China,we can find that the subjective imputation model is not completely reasonable,because the administrative punishment in China has typical characteristics of diversified types of punishment.Among the types of punishment stipulated in Article 9 of the Administrative Punishment Law,some administrative punishments are not necessarily sanctioned,and it is unnecessary to apply the subjective imputation model to them.Some administrative punishments have multiple purposes,and the application of subjective imputation model may hinder the realization of their purposes.The experience of comparative law also tells us that the subjective imputation model should be based on the“small punishment”model.Therefore,the scope of application of the subjective imputation model should be limited to the real administrative punishments such as administrative detention and fines,and the objective imputation model should be applied to the non real administrative punishments.

关 键 词：主观归责 处罚种类 制裁性 处罚目的 

分 类 号：D922.11[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]