商事交易中担保物权代持的解释论——以《民法典担保制度司法解释》第4条为中心  

Interpretation of Nominee Security Interest Holding in Commercial Transactions:Centered on Article 4 of Judicial Interpretation of Security Interest in the Civil Code

作　　者：熊敬 Xiong Jing

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学人文与社会科学学院

出　　处：《财经法学》2023年第2期112-127,共16页Law and Economy

基　　金：2020年度江苏省社会科学基金项目“拟制信托的法律构造研究”(20FXD003)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：担保物权代持在商事交易中被大量运用,但其因不完全符合担保物权从属性的要求而遭受合法性质疑。《民法典担保制度司法解释》第4条回应了实践需求,确认了合法的担保物权代持情形。分析担保物权代持的正当性以及法律后果应以代持行为的性质为逻辑起点,但第4条对此未予明确。担保物权代持行为的性质可以解释为隐名代理和信托,这两种解释路径下的担保物权代持均不违反从属性规范。担保物权代持行为性质的解释本质上是对当事人意思表示的解释,解释时应借助意思表示解释规则,重点考察代持目的、受托人权限、公众债权人是否参与等因素。担保物权代持当事人的权利义务应在区分代持行为性质的基础上进行认定,应重点关注担保物权的归属、委托人的撤回权和解除权、受托人义务在不同法律关系类型中的区分。Nominee security interest holding is widely used in commercial transactions,but its legal validity could be questioned because it does not quite meet the requirements of subordination rule.Article 4 of judicial interpretation of security interest in the Civil Code has responded to the needs of practice and confirm the legal situation of nominee security interest holding.Analysis of nominee security interest holding s legitimacy and legal consequences should take the nature of nominee holding as a logical starting point.However,this has not specified in Article 4.There is a distinction of nominee security interest holding s nature between principal and trust.Interpretations according to these two methods are both compliance with subordination rule.In essence,the interpretation of nominee security interest holding is an interpretation of the parties declaration of will.The interpretation of nominee security interest holding should use interpretation rules about declaration of will and focus on the following factors:the purpose of nominee security interest holding,the power of trustee,the fact about whether public creditor has involved or not.Rights and obligations of the parties should be identified on the basis of the nature of nominee holding.Distinction between different types of legal relationship about attribution of security interest,settlor s right of cancellation and withdrawing,and trustee s obligations should be focused on.

关 键 词：担保物权受托持有 从属性 隐名代理型代持 信托型代持 担保物权归属 

分 类 号：D923.2[政治法律—民商法学]