安慰函的法律构造与规范进路  

The Legal Structure and Normative Status of Letter of Comfort

作　　者：刘斌[1] 王洁宇 Liu Bin;Wang Jieyu

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学民商经济法学院 [2]澳门科技大学法学院,中国澳门

出　　处：《财经法学》2023年第2期144-160,共17页Law and Economy

摘　　要：安慰函作为商事实践中发展出来的新型债权性担保工具,在促进融资、促成合同、增强信用等方面具有独立价值。在我国既有规则体系下,相关立法尚付阙如,加之安慰函自身的“模糊性”特征,其在实践运行中呈现出诸多解释困境。我国司法实践对安慰函的性质及效力认定通常高度依托于保证合同,以是否构成保证为基本判断标尺。事实上,安慰函区别于传统从属性保证,具有独立的交易需求与规范逻辑,基于保证合同视阈的审视逻辑实则是对安慰函制度之误读,有悖于商事自治,亦与商业交易需求相背离。为导正安慰函的构造逻辑,应将安慰函作为不同于保证合同的担保方式纳入人的担保体系范畴,并肯定、承认适格安慰函的担保效力。在未来的《商法典》或《商法总则》等商事立法中,应当予以典型化。Letter of comfort,as a new form of security tool developed in commercial practice,has unique value in promoting financing,facilitating contracts,and enhancing credit.In China,the current legislation is inadequate and coupled with the“ambiguity”of the letter of comfort itself,it has caused many difficulties of interpretation in practice.The nature and effect of comfort letters in China s judicial practice is usually highly dependent on the guarantee contract,with whether it constitutes a guarantee as the basic yardstick for judgment.In fact,letters of comfort are different from traditional subordinate guarantee and have independent transaction needs and legal logics.The logic based on the guarantee contract is a misinterpretation of the letters of comfort system,which is contrary to the principle of commercial autonomy and deviates from the needs of commercial transactions.The letter of comfort should be incorporated into the personal guarantee system as a form of security different from the guarantee contract,and the effectiveness of the guarantee of a qualified comfort letter should be recognized.This should be typified in future commercial legislation such as the Commercial Code or the General Rules of Commercial Law.

关 键 词：安慰函 保证合同 人的担保 法律构造 

分 类 号：D923.99[政治法律—民商法学]