侵权法生存机会丧失理论的重构  

Reconstruction of the Theory of Loss of Survival Opportunity in Tort Law

作　　者：王浩然 Wang Haoran

机构地区：[1]南京大学法学院

出　　处：《财经法学》2023年第2期161-177,共17页Law and Economy

基　　金：2022年江苏省研究生科研创新计划项目“强制执行法典化背景下债权执行制度研究”(KYCX22_0016)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：依传统因果关系理论,生存几率低于50%的患者因既有疾病的存在而难以达到证明标准,患者遭受医疗过失却无法获得赔偿的结果显失公平。比较法上的传统因果关系说和宽松因果关系说并未解决生存机会丧失的论证难题,但理论和裁判的积累为生存机会丧失理论的创设提供了条件。生存机会丧失理论采取损害论的规制进路,将生存机会丧失本身作为损害客体予以规制,最终依比例式的计算方法确定损害赔偿范围。在生存机会丧失理论的本土化建构中,应识别真正的生存机会,明确该理论的适用前提和适用范围。在规范依据上,将《民法典》一般人格权保护规范作为实证法基础,通过比例赔偿和动态考量相结合的计算方式界定损害范围。According to the traditional causality theory,patients with a survival rate of less than 50%are difficult to meet the standard of proof due to the existence of existing diseases,and the result of patients suffering from medical negligence but unable to obtain compensation is obviously unfair.The traditional causal relationship theory and the loose causal relationship theory in comparative law did not solve the argument problem of loss of survival opportunity,but the accumulation of theory and judgment provided conditions for the creation of the theory of loss of survival opportunity.The loss of survival opportunity theory adopts the regulation approach of the damage theory,regulates the loss of survival opportunity itself as the object of damage,and finally determines the scope of damage compensation according to the proportional calculation method.In the localization construction of the theory of loss of survival opportunity,we should identify the real survival opportunity and clarify the applicable premise and scope of the theory.On the basis of norms,take the protection norms of general personality rights in the Civil Code as the basis of empirical law,and define the scope of damage through the combination of proportional compensation and dynamic consideration.

关 键 词：生存机会丧失 因果关系 一般人格权 损害赔偿 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]