合作化和集体化经济理论建构与实践的比较研究  

A Comparative Study on the Theoretical Construction and Practice of Cooperative and Collective Economy

作　　者：张杨 Zhang Yang(School of Marxism,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 102249)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学马克思主义学院,北京102249

出　　处：《经济纵横》2023年第2期23-34,共12页Economic Review Journal

摘　　要：纵观马克思主义俄国化和中国化的社会主义经济问题的理论建构与实践历程,合作化与集体化是社会主义经济理论研究中的重要问题。需要站在经济思想史的高度,通过比较研究列宁、斯大林和毛泽东等20世纪马克思主义经典作家关于合作化和集体化的理论建构与实践,系统得出其共性和差异之处,以此厘清马克思主义经典作家对合作化和集体化理论与重大经济问题、经济规律之间的辩证认识。具体来说:对一定社会生产关系主导的社会样态的重视、对从合作社发展到集体化的认识、对机械化与集体化的相互作用关系的认识、对集体化的社会主义积累方式的认识等方面存在共性,而对社会再生产四环节关系的认识、对土地国有和集体所有的认识、对小农经济的认识、对工农业关系及商品生产的认识、对不同形式资本的认识、对集体化发展速度的认识等方面存在差异。结合比较研究,可得出合作化和集体化理论与实践的历史实现条件,进一步提出对新时代发展新型农村集体经济的启示。Throughout the theoretical construction and practical process of the socialist economic problems of the Russification and Sinicization of Marxism, cooperation and collectivization are important issues in the theoretical research of socialist economy. It is necessary to stand on the height of the history of economic thought, through a comparative study of the theoretical construction and practice of cooperation and collectivization of classical Marxist writers in the 20th century, such as Lenin, Stalin and Mao Zedong, to systematically draw on their similarities and differences, so as to clarify the dialectical understanding of classical Marxist writers on cooperation and collectivization theory, major economic problems and economic laws. Specifically, there are similarities in the emphasis on the social pattern dominated by certain social production relations, the understanding of the development of cooperatives to collectivization, the understanding of the interaction between mechanization and industrialization and collectivization, and the understanding of collectivized socialist accumulation methods. However, there are differences in the understanding of the relationship between the four links of social reproduction, the understanding of state-owned and collective land ownership, the understanding of small-scale peasant economy, the understanding of industrial-agricultural relations and commodity production, the understanding of different forms of capital, and the understanding of the development speed of collectivization. Combined with the comparative study, we can further draw the historical conditions for the realization of the theory and practice of cooperation and collectivization, and can draw an enlightenment on the “development of a new rural collective economy” proposed in the report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.

关 键 词：合作化 集体化 经济思想史 马克思主义中国化 政治经济学理论 

分 类 号：F091[经济管理—政治经济学]