狄尔泰的新浪漫主义美学论纲  

On Dilthey’s New Romantic Aesthetics Outline

作　　者：黄小洲 Huang Xiaozhou(Department of Philosophy,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]广西大学马克思主义学院哲学系,南宁530004

出　　处：《山东大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第2期173-184,共12页Journal of Shandong University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：狄尔泰的新浪漫主义美学对西方后世美学产生了深远影响,非常值得探究。生命与体验是狄尔泰新浪漫主义美学的基础。其中,生命主要是指人的意识或心灵,体验则是一种直接化、当下化的、本我本己的感性经验,审美活动的真正理解对象就是指蕴藏在艺术作品中的生命体验。狄尔泰认为,审美活动本质上是人类心灵的一种想象,一部艺术作品的优劣根本上是由想象力的高低决定的。狄尔泰对想象力的理解具有浓重的科学主义倾向。在诸种艺术形式中,诗对生命体验的表现最直接、最丰富、最深刻,因此诗应是最高级别的艺术形式。狄尔泰非常珍视个体性在美学上的价值,他认为在传记文学里,伟大艺术家的经典作品要与其独特个性、生命历程等审美要素综合一起才能得到理解与反思。Dilthey’s New Romantic Aesthetics has a profound effect on the western aesthetics in later times, and it deserves a further study. Life and erlebnis are the foundation of Dilthey’s New Romantic Aesthetics. Erlebnis is a perceptual experience that we can directly feel without scientific inductive inference and without abstract theoretical meditation. From this point of view, it means that erlebnis is direct, immediate, and egotistical for itself. Opposite to the common sense of science, the life means consciousness or mind in the philosophy of Dilthey. For this reason, life is neither a cell, Nora metabolism, nor a protein in the sense of an organism of nature. Therefore, Dilthey emphasizes that the true object of aesthetic activity that we should understand is the life erlebnis, which is usually hiding in the artistic work. Dilthey considers that imagination is the essence of aesthetic activity. To put it in another way, we can say that in the activity of aesthetics, imagination is freedom and creation of the mind. Whether an artistic work is good or not is determined radically by the level of imagination. With these thoughts, we can conclude that there is a tendency of scientism within the understanding of imagination from the New Romantic Aesthetics of Dilthey. The core of imagination in the aesthetics activity lies in that it is visual thinking, imaginary thinking, intuitive thinking, and representative thinking. Dilthey holds that imagination is precisely the essential character and expression which are the most important in the activity of aesthetics.Compared with the other types of art, poem can represent the life erlebnis in the most direct, abundant, and profound way. The poem tells the human story from the heart that the other types of art cannot do so well, it can describe the life erlebnis of the human mind in detail and extremely deep. As a result, the poem expands the scope of human life and promotes the value of human existence.From these basic ideas, Dilthey asserts that poets add new reality t

关 键 词：狄尔泰 新浪漫主义美学 生命体验 想象力 诗 

分 类 号：B089.2[哲学宗教—哲学理论]