能源转型政策与城市绿色创新活力——基于新能源示范城市政策的准自然实验  

Energy transition policy and urban green innovation vitality:a quasi‑natural experiment based on the new energy demonstration city policy

作　　者：李豫新[1] 程洪飞 倪超军[1] LI Yuxin;CHENG Hongfei;NI Chaojun(School of Economics and Management,Shihezi University,Shihezi Xinjiang 832003,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学经济与管理学院,新疆石河子832003

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2023年第1期137-149,共13页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“降碳减排靶向的双重激励模式、政府竞争与城市环境治理研究”(批准号:21YJA790086)。

摘　　要：能源转型政策对能源供需结构调整和应对气候变化具有重要意义,绿色技术创新是实现能源替代的关键。新能源示范城市政策作为中国能源转型过程中一项重要的试点工程,当前尚未有文献科学评估新能源示范城市政策的绿色创新效应,缺乏对示范城市政策作用机理的深入解读。鉴于此,文章以委托代理理论为基础分析地方政府实施新能源示范城市政策的行为动机,从地方政府激励与约束视角剖析该项政策发挥绿色创新效应的内在机理,并利用2006—2019年中国272个地级及以上城市的面板数据,以新能源示范城市政策为一项准自然实验,采用双重差分模型识别新能源示范城市政策对城市绿色创新活力的影响,从多个角度分析了城市特征异质性对政策效应的影响,并进一步检验了作用机制和空间效应。研究发现:①新能源示范城市政策的实施显著提升了示范城市的绿色创新活力,该结论在PSM⁃DID等一系列稳健性检验下依然成立。②新能源示范城市政策的绿色创新效应主要通过改变地方政府的激励行为,提高对企业的创新支持得以实现,约束行为的“倒逼”作用在统计上不显著。③新能源示范城市政策对中西部城市、行政等级较高的城市、创新基础较好的城市和非资源型城市的绿色创新效应更加明显。④新能源示范城市对邻近城市的虹吸效应和扩散效应大于示范效应,产生了负向空间溢出效应,抑制了邻近城市的绿色创新活力。因此,中国政府应总结新能源示范城市的建设经验,完善绩效评估和长效监督机制,扩大新能源示范城市的范围;地方政府在强化激励作用的同时,应制定有效的约束机制。The energy transition policy is of great significance to the adjustment of energy supply and demand structures and the re⁃sponse to climate change.Green technology innovation is the key to realizing energy substitution.As an important energy transition demonstration policy,the impact of China’s new energy demonstration city policy on green innovation has not yet been scientifically evaluated in academic research.Existing literature lacks an in-depth interpretation of the mechanism of the demonstration city policy.Therefore,based on the principal-agent theory,this paper analyzed the behavioral motivation of local governments to implement the new energy demonstration city policy and the internal mechanism of the policy’s green innovation effect from the perspective of local govern⁃ment incentives and constraints.Based on the panel data of 272 prefecture-level cities and above in China from 2006 to 2019 and tak⁃ing the new energy demonstration city policy as a quasi-natural experiment,this study first used the difference-in-differences model to identify the impact of the new energy demonstration city policy on the vitality of urban green innovation,then analyzed the impact of ur⁃ban characteristic heterogeneity on policy effects from multiple perspectives,and further examined the mechanism of action and spatial effects.The results showed that:①The implementation of the new energy demonstration city policy significantly enhanced the green in⁃novation vitality of demonstration cities,and this conclusion was still valid under a series of robustness tests such as PSM-DID.②The green innovation effect of the new energy demonstration city policy was mainly achieved by changing the incentive behavior of local gov⁃ernments and improving innovation support for enterprises,and the‘reverse force’effect of restraint behavior was not statistically sig⁃nificant.③The green technology innovation effect of this policy on central and western cities,cities with higher administrative levels,cities with better

关 键 词：能源转型政策 新能源示范城市 绿色创新活力 激励-约束 

分 类 号：F124.3[经济管理—世界经济] F062.1