机构地区:[1]Key Laboratory of Transportation Meteorology of China Meteorological Administration,Nanjing Joint Institute for Atmospheric Sciences,Nanjing 210041,China [2]State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather,Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,Beijing 100081,China [3]Institute of Atmospheric Sciences,Fudan University,Shanghai 200441,China [4]School of Earth and Space Sciences,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China [5]Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation,Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100081,China [6]Electronic Information School,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China [7]Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics,Institute of High Energy Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100081,China
出 处:《Science China Earth Sciences》2023年第3期435-455,共21页中国科学(地球科学英文版)
基 金:supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFC1501500);the Basic Research Fund of the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences(Grants Nos.2020R004&2021Z003);the Chinese Meridian Project and the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.183311KYSB20200003)。
摘 要:Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes(TGFs)are high-energy emissions in thunderstorms that were discovered first by satellite-based and then by ground-based gamma-ray detectors with photon energy up to tens of Me V.TGFs are a natural highenergy phenomenon associated with lightning discharges that frequently occur during thunderstorms.However,their production mechanisms and associated processes are still unclear.TGF studies have already been a research spotlight in the atmospheric electricity and high-energy atmosphere research areas.In this paper,we review recent research progresses on TGF studies in the past decade,including TGF detection,the relationship between TGFs and lightning processes,and thunderstorm activities.Several unsolved important scientific questions are discussed.Results suggest that upward TGFs observed by satellite-based detectors are closely connected with the development of in-cloud upward negative leaders.They are usually generated in milliseconds of the initiation of upward negative leaders and may produce a kind of distinct radio emissions because of the generation and propagation of huge amounts of high-energy electrons.By contrast,its counterpart,i.e.,downward TGFs observed by ground-based gamma-ray detectors,is associated with different types of lightning processes,such as downward negative or upward positive leaders,the initial continuing current stage of rocket-triggered lightning flashes return stroke processes.Because of limited observations,how these downward TGFs are generated is still unclear.Benefiting from the development of state-of-the-art instruments with high temporal and spatial resolutions,new insights into the processes and mechanisms of TGFs will be achieved with coordinated observations from satellite-based and ground-based measurements.
关 键 词:Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes(TGFs) LIGHTNING THUNDERSTORM High-energy emissions Radio emission detection
分 类 号:P446[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]
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