体心立方金属韧脆转变机制研究进展  

Mechanism of Ductile-to-Brittle Transition in Body-Centered-Cubic Metals:A Brief Review

作　　者：韩卫忠 卢岩 张雨衡 HAN Weizhong;LU Yan;ZHANG Yuheng(State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials,School of Materials Science and Engineering,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710049,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学材料科学与工程学院金属材料强度国家重点实验室,西安710049

出　　处：《金属学报》2023年第3期335-348,共14页Acta Metallurgica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目Nos.51971170和51922082;高等学校学科创新引智计划项目No.BP0618008。

摘　　要：体心立方(bcc)金属具有高熔点、良好的高温力学性能、抗辐照、耐液态金属腐蚀等优点,被广泛应用于核反应堆、卫星、飞行器、火箭、发动机等的结构部件。然而,bcc金属普遍具有低温脆性和温度依赖的韧脆转变特性,极大地限制了其应用范围。因此,深入研究bcc金属的韧脆转变机理并发展调控策略具有重要意义。本文以bcc金属的韧脆转变现象为例,回顾了金属材料韧脆转变行为的研究历史,介绍了韧脆转变行为的最新研究进展,探讨了调控韧脆转变温度的新方法和未来的研究重点。Body-centered-cubic(bcc)-structured metals have excellent physical properties,such as high melting points,high strength and excellent creep resistance,radiation tolerance,and good compatibility with liquid metals,which are widely used in high-tech fields,such as nuclear reactors,satellites,aircraft,rockets,and engines.However,their low-temperature brittleness and ductile-to-brittle transition characteristics limit their applications.Therefore,a deep understanding of the ductile-to-brittle transition mechanism is of great significance for regulating the ductile-to-brittle transition behavior of bcc-structured metals.In this review,taking bcc-structured metals as an example,the history of the ductile-to-brittle transition investigations in bcc metals was retrospected,the main research progress on this topic was introduced,the newly developed methods to tune the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature of metals was discussed,and the key points to be focused on in the future was listed.

关 键 词：韧脆转变 体心立方 金属 位错 裂纹 

分 类 号：TG111.91[金属学及工艺—物理冶金]