塔里木河下游近20年植被演化特征对生态输水的响应  

Response of vegetation evolution characteristics to ecological water transport in the lower reaches of Tarim River in recent 20 years

作　　者：李福杰 韩风 马斌 赵毅 陈晓东 刘晓煌 王浪 尹立河[3] 凌红波[4] LI Fujie;HAN Feng;MA Bin;ZHAO Yi;CHEN Xiaodong;LIU Xiaohuang;WANG Lang;YIN Lihe;LING Hongbo(Urumqi Center of Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey,China Geological Survey,Urumqi 830057,Xinjiang,China;Command Center for Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey,China Geological Survey,Beijing 100055,China;Xi’an Center of China Geological Survey,Xi’an 710054,Shaanxi,China;State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology,Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi 830011,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局乌鲁木齐自然资源综合调查中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830057 [2]中国地质调查局自然资源综合调查指挥中心,北京100055 [3]中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心,陕西西安710054 [4]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《草业科学》2022年第12期2578-2588,共11页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：塔里木河流域巴州北部沙漠盐渍化与生态恢复调查监测与评价项目(ZD20220144);塔河下游兵团团镇集中分布区自然资源综合调查与监测项目(ZD20220126);陕西省创新能力支持计划(2019TD-040);新疆水利科技专项资金项目资助(XSKJ-2022-10)。

摘　　要：在塔里木河下游实施生态输水后,生态环境得到了初步改善。为评估生态输水后植被对输水水量以及地下水水位的响应,本研究以塔里木河下游的植被为研究对象,采用近20年长时间序列的植被净初级生产力(NPP)、归一化植被指数(NDVI)、蒸散量(ET)以及物种多样性Simpson指数,分析生态输水工程实施以后对下游植被生长状况的影响,运用相关分析揭示了生态输水水量与NPP、NDVI、ET以及物种多样性的相关关系。结果表明:(1)生态输水的水量与NPP和NDVI之间有显著的正相关关系,生态输水主要通过影响NPP和NDVI促进植被恢复。(2)干旱区人为因素干扰下,生态输水成为抬升地下水水位的有效措施。地下水抬升幅度整体大于1.38 m,且随着输水量的增多,抬升幅度增强。(3)生态输水使得下游植被面积、NPP以及ET全面提升,植被物种多样性逐步趋于稳定状态。植被面积显著扩大;2011年后,植被生产能力趋于增强;植被物种多样性Simpson指数总体上升,物种结构趋于稳定;表明塔里木河下游的植被生长状况得到改善。因此,生态输水后天然植被的覆盖度上升,植被生长状况好转。研究结果可以为塔里木河下游的植被恢复提供科学参考。After the implementation of ecological water delivery in the lower reaches of the Tarim River,the ecological environment initially improved.To evaluate the response of vegetation to the amount of ecological water delivery and groundwater level after ecological water transfer,this study used plants from the lower reaches of the Tarim River as the research object,using nearly 20 older time series of vegetation net primary productivity(NPP),normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),evapotranspiration(ET),and Simpson index of species diversity.The effect of ecological water transport projects on the growth of downstream vegetation was analyzed,and correlation analysis was used to reveal the correlation between the amount of ecological water transport and NPP,NDVI,ET,and species diversity.The results showed that:(1)correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between ecological water delivery and NPP and NDVI,and ecological water transport mainly promotes vegetation restoration by affecting NPP and NDVI.(2)Under the interference of human factors in arid areas,ecological water conveyance has become an effective measure to raise groundwater levels.The overall uplift of groundwater is greater than 1.38 m,and the uplift increases with an increase in water transport.(3)Ecological water conveyance promotes vegetation restoration.The ecological water conveyance increased the downstream vegetation area,NPP,and ET,and the vegetation species diversity gradually stabilized.The vegetation area expanded significantly.After 2011,the vegetation production capacity tended to increase,the Simpson index of vegetation species diversity increased as a whole,and the species structure tended to be stable.This shows that vegetation growth in the lower reaches of the Tarim River has improved.Therefore,natural vegetation coverage increased,and vegetation growth improved after ecological water conveyance.The results of this study can provide a scientific reference for vegetation restoration in the lower reaches of the Tari

关 键 词：植被覆盖度 植被净初级生产力 归一化植被指数 蒸散量 物种多样性 生态输水 地下水响应 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]