青海省土地利用变化及其社会经济驱动因素分析  

Analysis of land use change and its socio-economic driving factors in Qinghai Province

作　　者：李广英 李红颖 王凌青[3] 江峰 冯朝晖 LI Guangying;LI Hongying;WANG Lingqing;JIANG Feng;FENG Zhaohui(Ecological Environment Planning and Environmental Protection Technology Center of Qinghai Province,Xining 810007,Qinghai,China;Foreign Environmental Cooperation Center,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Beijing 100035,China;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining 810001,Qinghai,China)

机构地区：[1]青海省生态环境规划和环保技术中心,青海西宁810007 [2]生态环境部对外合作与交流中心,北京100035 [3]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [4]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,青海西宁810001

出　　处：《草业科学》2022年第12期2604-2616,共13页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：青海省“昆仑英才·高端创新创业人才”计划(2021013);青海省基础研究计划(2023-ZJ-910M);青海省重点研发与转化计划(2023-QY-205)。

摘　　要：青海省是我国重要的生态安全屏障和水源涵养区,也是生态系统脆弱区和敏感区,极易受到人为活动的干扰,探究其土地利用变化特征及驱动力对于青海省土地资源的合理规划管理和生态环境保护至关重要。本研究基于1980-2018年8个时期的土地利用遥感影像解译数据,采用土地利用动态度指数、转移矩阵和土地利用程度综合指数分析方法,揭示青海各土地利用类型变化程度及空间迁移,并进一步分析土地利用/覆盖类型与23种主要社会经济指标之间的关系。结果表明:城乡建设用地是青海省年变化率最大的土地利用类型,且整体上呈现出变化程度愈加剧烈的趋势,在1990-1995年和2015-2018年面积下降,而在1995-2015年5个时段面积不断增加。青海省6种土地利用类型在2015-2018年和2000-2005年时期变化较为剧烈,其中草地和未利用土地是土地利用变化最明显的类型,两者之间互相转换也较为活跃。整体上,综合土地利用动态度呈现递增的趋势,表明研究时期内青海省土地利用朝着愈加活跃的方向发展。土地利用程度综合指数分析指出,青海省在研究时期内朝向城镇聚落发展的方向发展。人口、GDP、建筑业、工业等社会经济发展以及土地管理政策是影响该区域土地利用类型不断变化的主要驱动因素,其中城镇化率和社会经济的快速发展是导致青海省草地和林地面积下降的主要因素,也是城乡建设用地扩张的主要驱动力因子。研究结果为青海省土地利用可持续利用及发展提供科学依据。Qinghai Province in China is an important ecological security barrier and water conservation area,as well as a fragile and sensitive area that is easily disturbed by human activities.Exploring the characteristics and driving forces of land use change in Qinghai Province is critical for rational planning and management of land resources and ecological environment protection.This study used the land use dynamic attitude index,transfer matrix,and land use degree comprehensive index analysis methods on the land use remote sensing image interpretation data from 1980 to 2018 to reveal the degree of change and spatial migration of various land use types in Qinghai Province.The relationship between land use/cover types and 23 socio-economic indicators was further analyzed.The results showed that the land use type with the highest annual change rate in Qinghai Province was urban and rural construction land,which showed a trend of increasingly drastic change.The area decreased from 1990 to 1995 and from 2015 to 2018 but increased continuously in the five periods from 1995 to 2015.The six land use types in Qinghai Province changed dramatically from 2015 to 2018 and from 2000 to 2005.Grassland and unused land were the most evident land use types,and the conversion between them was active.Overall,the dynamic attitude towards integrated land use showed an increasing trend,indicating that land use in Qinghai Province was developing in the most active direction during the research period.The comprehensive index analysis of land use degree suggests that Qinghai Province had been evolving towards the development of urban settlements during the study period.The socio-economic development of the population,GDP,construction,industry,and land management policies were the main driving factors affecting the changing land use types in the region.Among them,the urbanization rate and the rapid development of the social economy were the main factors leading to the decrease of grassland and forest area in Qinghai Province,as well as the main

关 键 词：土地利用动态变化 土地利用程度 人类活动 城镇化 社会经济发展 土地管理 青藏高原东部 

分 类 号：F301.2[经济管理—产业经济]