基于模拟计算的建筑雨水入侵防范设计研究  

Research and design on building flood prevention based on simulation

作　　者：王昊 雷天 Wang Hao;Lei Tian(National Engineering Research Center of Building Technology,Beijing 100013,China;China Academy of Building Research,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]国家建筑工程技术研究中心,北京100013 [2]中国建筑科学研究院有限公司,北京100013

出　　处：《建筑科学》2023年第1期68-74,共7页Building Science

摘　　要：结合雄安城市计算中心工程案例,根据该工程位于城市公园内的地下空间且建筑入口外侧为下凹地形的特点,分别利用公式法和模型模拟法分析建筑入口下凹地区的积水风险.模型法采用长历时设计暴雨雨型计算降雨过程雨量,采用HORTON法计算雨水入渗量,并根据地形坡度计算径流汇流.根据模拟工况时下凹地区的积水高度,提出采取设置建筑入口挡墙和应急排水泵站的设计建议.研究表明:①利用模型模拟方法指导设计过程,是设计阶段验证竖向设计方案和排水措施、校核内涝风险的有效方法;②对于强降雨而言,采用模型法计算的雨水下渗量较公式法小,建议随设计降雨量增大采用径流系数的高值,或对内涝风险较大的工程采用模型法进行设计验算,加强建筑工程内涝防范措施;③模型将汇水区的坡度和平面形状作为变量,下垫面地形影响计算雨水汇流流量,坡度和特征宽度较大的分区径流量较大.Combined with the Xiongan Urban Computing Center project,according to the characteristics of the project partly located in the underground space in a urban park and the low elevation terrain appears outside the building entrance,the flooding risk in the low elevation area of the building entrance is analyzed by both formula method and simulation method respectively.The simulation method adopts the long-term design rainstorm pattern to calculate the rainfall process,uses the Horton method to calculate the rainwater infiltration,and calculates the runoff concentration according to the topographic slope.According to the height of flooding in the low elevation area under simulated conditions,the design suggestions of building entrance retaining wall and emergency drainage pump station are put forward.The research shows that:using simulation method to guide the design is an effective method to verify the vertical design scheme and drainage measures and check the flooding risk in the design stage;②for heavy storm,the rainfall infiltration calculated by the simulation is smaller than that calculated by the formula method.It is suggested to use the high value of runoff coeficient with the increase of design rainfall,or to use the model method for design verification of projects with high flooding risk to strengthen prevention measures for projects;the simulation model takes the slope and shape of the catchment area as variables,the catchment topography affects the calculation of rainwater concentration flow rate,and the runoff of the catchment with larger slope and width is larger.

关 键 词：雨水入渗 SWMM模型 坡面汇流 建筑雨水入侵 

分 类 号：TU992[建筑科学—市政工程]