青海高原西北小檗叶片结构和光合特性对海拔梯度的响应  

Response of Leaf Structure and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Berberis vernae in Qinghai-Plateau to Altitude Gradient

作　　者：向前胜[1] 张登山 XIANG Qian-sheng;ZHANG Deng-shan(Shaoguan University,Shaoguan Guangdong 512005,China;Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences of Qinghai University,Xining Qinghai 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]韶关学院,广东韶关512005 [2]青海大学农林科学院,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《青海农林科技》2023年第1期67-74,共8页Science and Technology of Qinghai Agriculture and Forestry

基　　金：韶关学院校级课题(SY2018KJ05)。

摘　　要：为了解青海高原西北小檗叶片的结构性状和功能性状与海拔梯度之间的响应关系。本研究以自然分布在青海高原6处海拔梯度的西北小檗(Berberis vernae)为研究对象,采用石蜡切片法、透射电镜法和光合作用测定仪对其叶片进行试验。结果表明:随着海拔升高,西北小檗叶片厚度、上下表皮厚度及细胞长度、栅栏组织厚度及层数、海绵组织厚度及胞间隙均呈现增加的趋势;叶肉细胞超微结构中,原生质体与细胞壁的分离位点数增多,淀粉粒的形态增大,线粒体的数量减少而单个形态增大;光合日进程中的气孔导度、净光合速率的最大值也随海拔增高而增大。高海拔位置的西北小檗叶片较低海拔位置所形成的结构性状和功能性状更能适应恶劣的环境条件。To explore the response relationship between structural and functional characters of Berberis vernae leaves and altitude gradient in Qinghai-Plateau,the leaves of B.vernae,which were naturally distributed in six altitude gradients in Qinghai-Plateau,were tested by paraffin section,transmission electron microscope and photosynthesis tester.The results showed that the leaf thickness,upper and lower epidermis thickness and cell length,palisade tissue thickness and layers,sponge tissue thickness and intercellular space of B.vernae increased with increment of altitude.In the submicrostructure of cells,the number of separation sites between protoplast and cell wall increased,the morphology of starch granules increased,the number of mitochondria decreased and the single morphology increased.The maximum values of stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rate also increased with the increase of altitude.The structural and functional characters of B.vernae leaves at high altitude were more adaptable to harsh environmental conditions than those at low altitude.

关 键 词：青海高原 西北小檗 解剖结构 亚显微结构 光合日进程 

分 类 号：Q944.5[生物学—植物学]