河南省花生根、茎和荚果部镰孢菌的分离鉴定  

Isolation and Identification of Fusarium from Roots, Stems and Pods of Peanut in Henan Province

作　　者：潘鑫 闫书味 胡新颖 杜鹏强 张晓婷[1,2] 周琳 高飞[1,2] PAN Xin;YAN Shu-wei;HU Xin-ying;DU Peng-qiang;ZHANG Xiao-ting;ZHOU Lin;GAO Fci(College of Plant Protection,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Creation and Application Key Lab.of Novel Pesticides of Henan Province,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学植物保护学院,河南郑州450002 [2]河南省新型农药创制与应用重点实验室,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《花生学报》2023年第1期25-32,共8页Journal of Peanut Science

基　　金：河南省重大科技专项(221100110100);河南省现代农业产业技术体系花生产业技术体系植保岗位(S2012-05-G06)。

摘　　要：花生根腐、茎腐和果腐病在我国各花生产区发生严重,其病原菌的组成和优势种群尚不明确。本研究于2020年从河南省6个市的花生种植区采集病株样品,共分离得到151个菌株,其中花生根腐病菌41株、茎腐病菌71株、果腐病菌39株。真菌形态鉴定和利用rDNA-ITS和EF-1α序列进行分子鉴定的结果表明,这些菌株均为镰孢菌,分别属于木贼镰孢菌(Fusarium equiseti)、变红镰孢菌(F.incarnatum)、尖孢镰孢菌(F.oxysporum)、层出镰孢菌(F.proliferatum)和茄病镰孢菌(F.solani);从花生根腐和茎腐病样品中都可以检出这5种镰孢菌,果腐病样品中未能检出层出镰孢菌。尖孢镰孢菌在供试的花生根腐、茎腐和果腐病样品中检出率最高,分别为39.02%、30.99%和56.41%。根据柯赫氏法则验证了这5种镰孢菌均对花生具有致病性。本研究明确了河南省花生根腐、茎腐和果腐病的致病镰孢菌组成和优势种群,为病害防控奠定了基础。Peanut root rot, stem rot and pod rot diseases are prevalent in peanut production areas in China, but the pathogenic composition and dominant pathogen populations of these diseases is not clear. In this study, 151 isolates were isolated from disease plant samples collected from six peanut growing areas in Henan Province in 2020, including 41 isolates of peanut root rot, 71 isolates of stem rot, and 39 isolates of pod rot. Morphological identification of fungi and molecular identification using rDNA-ITS and EF-1α sequence showed that all these isolates were belonging to Fusarium spp., including F. equiseti, F. incarnatum, F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum and F. solani. All these five species were detected in peanut root rot and stem rot samples, while F. proliferatum was not detected from the pod rot samples. The detection rate of F. oxysporum was the highest in peanut root rot, stem rot and pod rot samples, which were 39.02%, 30.99% and 56.41%, respectively. All these five Fusarium species were proved to be pathogenic to peanut based on the Koch’s postulates. This study clarified the composition and dominant population of Fusarium spp. causing peanut root rot, stem rot and pod rot in Henan Province, which laid a foundation for disease control and prevention.

关 键 词：花生 根腐病 茎腐病 果腐病 镰孢菌 

分 类 号：S435.652[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]