花生磷利用效率及土壤盈余磷分布对不同耕作措施的响应特征  

Response of Peanut Phosphorus Utilization Efficiency and Soil Surplus Phosphorus Distribution to Different Tillage Measurements

作　　者：孟翠萍 张佳蕾 吴曼[1] 杨丽玉 梁海燕 沈浦[3] 张正[2] 吴琪[3] MENG Cui-ping;ZHANG Jia-lei;WU Man;YANG Li-yu;LIANG Hai-yan;SHEN Pu;ZHANG Zheng;WU Qi(College of Chemical Engineering,Qingdao University of Science and Technology/Key Lab.of Clean Chemical Processing of Shandong Province,Qingdao 266042,China;Institute of Crop Germ plasm Resources,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100,China;Shandong Peanut Research Institute/Key Lab.of Peanut Biology,Genetics and Breeding,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Qingdao 266100,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛科技大学化工学院/清洁化工过程山东省高校重点实验室,山东青岛266042 [2]山东省农业科学院农作物种质资源研究所,山东济南250100 [3]山东省花生研究所/农业农村部花生生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《花生学报》2023年第1期33-43,共11页Journal of Peanut Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2020YFD1000905);山东省农业良种工程项目(2020LZGC001);山东省重点研发计划项目(2022TZXD0031);山东省自然科学基金(ZR2022MC074)。

摘　　要：在农业生态系统中,提高作物对磷的吸收和利用效率是促进作物生长和节约养分资源的关键。为探究不同耕作措施下花生磷吸收效率及土壤盈余磷分布,在胶东半岛的莱西望城、招远夏甸和招远齐山三个试验点开展免耕、浅耕、深耕和深松四种土壤耕作措施下花生生产试验。结果表明,与免耕相比,深耕和浅耕提高了花生产量、磷吸收和磷利用效率。相同磷肥用量下,随着单产每增加1 000 kg/hm^(2),磷吸收量、磷肥回收率、磷肥偏生产力、磷肥耕作效率分别提高4.30 kg/kg、0.09 kg/kg、20.40 kg/kg和0.20 kg/kg,花生产量的提高和磷的吸收呈显著正相关。不同团聚体大小有效磷含量与土壤微生物组成有关,在大于2 000μm团聚体中有效磷含量随丛枝菌根真菌和腐生真菌的增加而增加,在53~250μm团聚体中细菌所占比例与团聚体有效磷含量呈显著正相关,在250~2 000μm团聚体中放线菌微生物种群占比与有效磷含量呈极显著正相关。上述研究表明,深耕和浅耕是改善花生田植株生长和磷吸收的较优耕作方式。In agricultural ecosystem, improving the efficiency of crops phosphorus uptake and utilization plays a key role for promoting crop growth and saving resources. To explore the phosphorus absorption efficiency and the distribution of soil surplus phosphorus in peanut, field experiments were carried out under four soil tillage measures including no-tillage, shallow plough, deep plough, and deep loosing in Wangcheng, Xiadian and Qishan, all of which are located in Shandong Peninsula of China. The results showed that peanut yield, phosphorus absorption and phosphorus utilization efficiency were more improved by deep tillage and shallow tillage measures compared with that by no tillage and deep loosing. With the increase of yield of 1,000 kg/ha, the phosphorus uptake, phosphorus fertilizer recovery, phosphorus fertilizer partial productivity, and phosphorus fertilizer tillage efficiency increased by 4.30 kg/kg, 0.09 kg/kg, 20.40 kg/kg and 0.20 kg/kg respectively with the same amount of P fertilization. There was a significant positive correlation between the increase of peanut yield and phosphorus absorption. In addition, the available P content of different soil aggregates is related to soil microbial composition. The available P content in aggregates that >2,000 μm increased with the raised composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and saprophytic mycoflora. The bacteria composition had a significant positive correlation with the available P content in 53-250 μm soil aggregates. And the actinomycetes composition had a significant positive correlation with the content of available P in 250-2,000 μm soil aggregates. The results suggest that deep plough and shallow plough are the optimum way to improve peanut growth and phosphorus uptake at the three experimental sites.

关 键 词：花生 磷 微生物种群 土壤团聚体 耕作措施 磷利用效率 

分 类 号：S157.4[农业科学—土壤学]