旱盐复合胁迫对花生荚果发育特性、产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Drought-Salt Combined Stress on Pod Development, Yield and Quality of Peanut

作　　者：张晨 戴良香[2] 张冠初[2] 丁红[2] 徐扬 郭庆 张智猛[2] 石书兵[1] ZHANG Chen;DAI Liang-xiang;ZHANG Guan-chu;DING Hong;XU Yang;GUO Qing;ZHANG Zhi-meng;SHI Shu-bing(College of Agronomy,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Shandong Peanut Research Institute,Qingdao 266100,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]山东省花生研究所,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《花生学报》2023年第1期72-79,共8页Journal of Peanut Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31971856,31971854,31901574);山东省现代农业产业技术体系(SDAIT-04-06);山东省自然科学基金青年项目(ZR2021QC161)。

摘　　要：本研究以花育36号和花育20号为供试花生品种,设置T1(对照)、T2(结荚期中度干旱)、T3(2.0‰盐胁迫)、T4(2.0‰盐胁迫+结荚期中度干旱)4个处理,探究干旱盐碱胁迫环境对不同花生品种荚果发育特性、产量和品质的影响。结果表明:(1)各胁迫处理导致花生主茎高、侧枝长、荚果数均显著减少,旱盐复合胁迫处理对结果数影响较大,花育36号和花育20号其较对照分别减少了37.49%和47.26%。(2)各胁迫处理均导致荚果体积增长速率降低。荚果干物质累积量变化趋势均可用Logistic方程很好拟合,相关系数均达0.835 9以上,各胁迫处理使荚果最大生长速率出现的时间(t_(m))延迟,干旱胁迫下荚果干物质积累的最大速率(v_(max))升高,而盐胁迫及旱盐复合胁迫则使其降低。旱盐复合胁迫对荚果体积和干物质量的增长影响较大。(3)始花后20~75 d各处理籽仁蛋白质和脂肪含量变化均呈不断升高的趋势,干旱胁迫提高了蛋白质含量的增长速率,对脂肪含量的增长速率影响较小;旱盐复合胁迫对蛋白质和脂肪含量的抑制作用大于盐胁迫,两品种的降幅分别为52.09%、18.51%和56.74%、19.82%。(4)各胁迫处理均使花生产量显著降低,旱盐复合胁迫降幅较大,两品种分别为41.36%和45.48%。不同胁迫处理对籽仁品质影响不同,干旱胁迫提高了蛋白质含量,盐胁迫及旱盐复合胁迫致蛋白质和脂肪含量显著降低,旱盐复合胁迫下两品种降幅分别为24.64%、21.43%和30.99%、28.25%。本试验结果可为盐碱地花生生产中水分管理、高产稳产及提质增效提供理论依据。Four treatments, T1(control), T2(moderate drought at pod stage), T3(2.0‰ salt stress) and T4(2.0‰ salt stress + moderate drought at pod stage), were conducted with Huayu36 and Huayu20 as test varieties to explore the effects of drought-saline-alkali stress on pod development characteristics, yield and quality of peanut. The results showed that,(1) The main stem height, lateral branch length and pod number of peanut were significantly inhibited under all stress treatments, and the drought-salt combined stress had significant effect on the pod number of peanut. Compared with T1, the pod number of Huayu36 and Huayu20 decreased by 37.49% and 47.26%, respectively.(2) The growth rate of pod volume was reduced under all stress treatments. Logistic equation can be used to fit the variation trend of dry matter accumulation in pod, and the correlation coefficients were all above 0.835 9. The maximum growth rate of pod was delayed by each stress treatment;the maximum rate of dry matter accumulation(v_(max)) of pod was increased under drought stress, but decreased under salt stress and drought-salt combined stress. The drought-salt combined stress had great effect on pod volume and dry matter mass.(3) The contents of protein and fat in seeds of all treatments showed an increasing trend from 20 to 75 days after initial flowering. Drought stress increased the growth rate of protein content but had little effect on the growth rate of fat content. The inhibition effect of drought and salt combined stress on protein and fat content was greater than that of salt stress, and the reduction of the two varieties was 52.09%, 18.51% and 56.74%, 19.82%, respectively.(4) The yield of peanut decreased significantly under all stress treatments, and the decrease by drought-salt combined stress was 41.36% and 45.48%, respectively. Drought stress increased protein content, while salt stress and drought-salt combined stress significantly reduced protein and fat content, which reduced by 24.64%, 21.43% and 30.99%, 28.25% under the drought-sa

关 键 词：旱盐复合胁迫 花生 荚果发育 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S565.201[农业科学—作物学] Q945.78[生物学—植物学]