废铅膏湿法回收过程中铜的电化学行为及净化  

Electrochemical behavior and purification of copper in the hydrometallurgical recycling process of waste lead-acid battery

作　　者：谭力玮 熊颖 李纪鹏 孙艳芝[1] 潘军青[1,2] 陈咏梅[1] TAN Liwei;XIONG Ying;LI Jipeng;SUN Yanzhi;PAN Junqing;CHEN Yongmei(National Fundamental Research Laboratory of New Hazardous Chemicals Assessment and Accident Analysis,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029,China;State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]北京化工大学新危险化学品评估及事故鉴定基础研究实验室,北京100029 [2]北京化工大学资源有效利用国家重点实验室,北京100029

出　　处：《精细化工》2023年第2期356-364,共9页Fine Chemicals

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFC1908303)。

摘　　要：对甲磺酸湿法回收废铅酸蓄电池过程中典型杂质Cu^(2+)的电化学行为及其净化方法进行了研究。结果表明,Cu^(2+)在电解过程中优先于Pb^(2+)析出,造成电解铅纯度的下降,同时使还原铅的电流效率下降、能耗增大。Cu^(^(2+))的存在改变了Pb^(2+)的成核机理,从而使Pb^(2+)的还原电位正移。针对甲磺酸铅体系的特点,基于铅粉置换铜原理,提出采用流态法净化工艺代替传统的搅拌置换法,解决了搅拌法单次除铜净化铅粉消耗量大、净化成本高、效率低的缺点。在最佳除铜工艺条件(铅粉粒径为100~150目、温度为20℃、流速8~10 m/h、填充的铅粉柱高0.6~0.7 cm)下,采用流态化除铜工艺对实际废铅膏进行了净化处理,杂质Cu^(2+)去除率能够达到90%以上。The electrochemical behavior and purification method of typical impurity Cu^(2+)in the wet recovery process of waste lead-acid battery using methanesulfonic acid were studied.The results showed that Cu^(2+)was preferentially precipitated over Pb^(2+)in the electrolysis process,resulting in purity reduction of electrolytic lead,current efficiency decrease of lead reduction and energy consumption increase.The existence of Cu^(2+)changed the nucleation mechanism of Pb^(2+),leading to a positive shift of Pb^(2+)reduction potential.Based on the principle of substitution of copper with lead powder,the fluidized purification process was proposed herein according to the characteristics of lead methanesulfonate system to solve the problems of large lead powder consumption,high purification cost and low efficiency in the traditional agitation method.Under the optimized process conditions:lead powder particle size of 100~150 mesh,temperature of20℃,flow rate of 8~10 m/h,and lead powder filled column height of 0.6~0.7 cm,the removal rate of Cu^(2+)from the actual waste lead paste via the fluidized purification process could reach more than 90%.

关 键 词：废铅酸蓄电池 回收 甲磺酸 铜杂质 净化 有机电化学 

分 类 号：TF812[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]