深空探测之前沿科学问题探析  

Frontier scientific questions in deep space exploration

作　　者：吴伟仁 王赤 刘洋 秦礼萍[3] 林巍[4] 叶生毅 李晖 沈芳 张哲 Weiren Wu;Chi Wang;Yang Liu;Liping Qin;Wei Lin;Shengyi Ye;Hui Li;Fang Shen;Zhe Zhang(Deep Space Exploration Laboratory,Beijing 100195,China;State Key Laboratory of Space Weather,National Space Science Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;School of Earth and Space Science,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China;Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;Department of Earth and Space Sciences,Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen 518005,China;School of Aerospace Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100811,China)

机构地区：[1]深空探测实验室,北京100195 [2]中国科学院国家空间科学中心,空间天气学国家重点实验室,北京100190 [3]中国科学技术大学地球和空间科学学院,合肥230026 [4]中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,中国科学院地球与行星物理重点实验室,北京100029 [5]南方科技大学地球与空间科学系,深圳518005 [6]北京理工大学宇航学院,北京100811

出　　处：《科学通报》2023年第6期606-627,共22页Chinese Science Bulletin

摘　　要：深空探测的驱动力源于人类探索未知的天性,是科学研究的前沿领域之一.自二十世纪六七十年代的月球探测高潮以来,人类的深空探测任务已经实现了对太阳系八大行星等主要天体的探测,获得了大量的科学发现,同时也发现了更多未解之谜.进入21世纪以后,人类深空探测迎来了又一次高潮,参与探测的国家和探测任务的数量都有了巨大提升,技术的发展也提高了探测的成功率.从太阳系形成到生命出现并演化到智慧生物,太阳系经历了复杂的演化过程,地球和其他行星环境经历了剧烈变化.要证实和重建这个过程还有大量科学问题有待回答,需要依赖更多精密计划的深空探测任务去寻找线索.太阳系的形成与演化、行星宜居性、地外生命探索等是当前深空探测的核心科学内容.前太阳系物质组成、太阳系的初始状态、行星系统的形成过程是太阳系形成与演化研究的关键科学问题,类地行星沿不同路径演化的原因是行星宜居性研究的重要方面.地外生命探测是深空探测的核心内容之一,生命的起源与演化、地外生命信号识别、地球极端环境类比等是主要的研究内容.针对已经计划和正在论证的深空探测任务,系统梳理其中的前沿科学问题及其研究现状和研究手段,能够为深空探测任务的科学规划提供参考,孕育更多的科学发现和前沿突破.Deep space exploration is one of the frontiers of scientific research and driven by human instincts to explore the unknown.Since the Moon Race in the 1960s and 1970s,deep-space probes have explored many celestial bodies in our solar system,including eight planets.These explorations have yielded tremendous scientific discoveries,but they also revealed many more unsolved mysteries.The 21st century has witnessed a remarkable increase in deep-space exploration activities,with several new agencies launching their spacecraft in the past few decades.As a result of technological advancement,exploration success rates have improved significantly.A systematic review of frontier scientific questions can provide invaluable references for mission planning strategies and boost scientific discoveries and breakthroughs in the future.In general,these questions are related to three primary scientific subjects:(1)One of the primary scientific objectives of deep-space exploration is to study the origin and evolution of the solar system.From the collapse of the solar nebula to the formation of the planetary system,the solar system has undergone a complex evolutionary process.The components of the current solar system,particularly the residual presolar material,can provide critical information for understanding the initial conditions and evolution of the solar system.The Moon,being the nearest celestial body to Earth,serves as an outpost for exploring other planetary bodies and is especially important for testing deep-space exploration equipment and studying solar system evolution.(2)Another objective of deep space exploration is to better understand the evolution of planetary habitability.The Sun is an important factor affecting habitability,and eruptions of solar activities can have a substantial impact on the space environment of the solar system.The environment of the Earth and other planets has changed dramatically over billions of years of evolution.Although life has only been confirmed on Earth,other celestial bodies might also

关 键 词：深空探测 太阳系演化 月球 行星 地外生命 

分 类 号：V52[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]