蔚县盆地吉家庄旧石器遗址的形成过程  

A study of the formation process of Jijiazhuang Paleolithic site in Yuxian Basin

作　　者：叶芷 杜雨薇 裴树文[1,2] 丁馨 徐哲 马东东 YE Zhi;DU Yuwei;PEI Shuwen;DING Xin;XU Zhe;MA Dongdong(Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins,Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100044;CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment,Beijing,100044;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049;Institute of Archaeology,University College London,WC1H 0PY London,United Kingdom)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室,中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,北京100044 [2]中国科学院生物演化与环境卓越创新中心,北京100044 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]英国伦敦大学学院考古研究所,英国伦敦WC1H0PY

出　　处：《人类学学报》2023年第1期46-60,共15页Acta Anthropologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41872029);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类:XDB26000000)。

摘　　要：泥河湾盆地发育着我国北方第四纪典型的河湖相沉积体系,因其间富集众多早-中更新世旧石器时代遗址为学术界所关注。本文对泥河湾盆地蔚县吉家庄遗址(JJZ-B和JJZ-E地点)的遗址成因进行分析。地貌和沉积物特点表明,JJZ-B地点埋藏于湖滨相环境的湿地或沼泽环境,JJZ-E地点则属于湖滨相环境下的沙坝沉积体系。遗物的多项指标(遗物空间分布特点、石制品风化磨蚀状况、石制品技术组合与空间产状特征等)分析显示,JJZ-B地点属于近原地埋藏,形成过程中受到微弱的入湖片流改造,遗址完整性较高;JJZ-E地点的遗物连同砾石被湖滨片流搬运至遗址堆积区,后期受到了湖水的淘洗作用,显示异地埋藏的特点。研究表明,泥河湾古湖在中更新世仍保留有丰富的古人类活动信息,湖滨不同部位对遗址成因产生重要影响;该研究对正确解读古人类对吉家庄遗址不同地点的利用方式具有重要意义。Owing to low-energy hydraulic agents and fine-grained sediments, the fluviolacustrine basin proves to be ideal depositional system for preserving archaeological remains.The typical fluvio-lacustrine sediments in Nihewan Basin of North China are rich sources of Early to Middle Pleistocene archaeological sites, which offer an important opportunity to investigate human evolution and adaptive behaviors in East Asia. Comparing to the advances on the study of site formation processes of Lower Pleistocene sites have been handled in the basin, site formation focus on the Middle Pleistocene sites are yet to be carried out. In this paper,we present a site formation study of a newly discovered Middle Pleistocene archaeological site named Jijiazhuang site(JJZ) in Yuxian Basin(south part of Nihewan Basin). Two typical localities(JJZ-B and JJZ-E) are selected and geoarchaeological as well as archaeological factors are adopted for the site formation research. Through the analysis of geomorphology and deposits features, archaeological remains in JJZ-B were buried in marsh or swamp environment of lake margin deposits when the Nihewan old lake began retreating, while the archaeological sequence of JJZ-E probably belongs to the sand bar sedimentary face of lake margin environment. Multiple proxies from archaeological materials(artifacts spatial distribution, technological composition,weathering and abrasion condition, orientation as well as inclination) demonstrate that JJZ-B belongs to near primary context, the archaeological remains had been disturbed by low-energy sheet wash across the lake shore setting which provides effective information for exploring hominins technology and adaptive behaviors. Meanwhile, JJZ-E was preserved in secondary context where archaeological remains together with cobbles and pebbles were transported to accumulative area by relative high energetic hydraulic flow of lake wave and sheet wash, so that the locality witnessed low integrity of archaeological materials compared to JJZ-B. This study shows that

关 键 词：遗址成因 湖滨环境 中更新世 吉家庄旧石器遗址 蔚县盆地 

分 类 号：P535.62[天文地球—古生物学与地层学] K871.11[天文地球—地质学]