不同灌水量和秸秆还田量对春玉米产量及水分利用效率的影响  

Effects of Different Irrigation Amount and Straw Returning Amount on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Spring Maize

作　　者：向午燕 董智[1] 冯晨[1] 蔡倩[1] 张哲[1] 郑家明[1] 白伟[1] XIANG Wu-yan;DONG Zhi;FENG Chen;CAI Qian;ZHANG Zhe;ZHENG Jia-ming;BAI Wei(Tillage and Cultivation Research Institute,Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenyang 110161,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所,沈阳110161

出　　处：《玉米科学》2023年第1期126-134,共9页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：辽宁省自然基金(2019-MS-194);辽宁省“兴辽英才计划”(XLYC1908013,XLYC2007041,XLYC2002051);辽宁省农业科学院基本科研业务费计划项目(2021HQ1907);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA28090202);辽宁省首批揭榜挂帅科技攻关项目(202196);辽宁省农业科学院学科建设计划项目(2019DD062010);辽宁省农业科学院院长基金项目(2020QN2406)。

摘　　要：通过连续两年定位试验,研究不同灌水量和秸秆还田量对春玉米生长发育、干物质积累与分配、产量与构成因素以及水分利用效率影响。结果表明,相同秸秆还田量不同灌水量处理间差异明显,株高、茎粗、叶面积、地上部干物质均随着灌水量的增加而增加。适宜秸秆还田量有利于提高春玉米成熟期株高与叶面积,灌水量和秸秆还田量互作显著影响成熟期穗重。不同灌水量下春玉米的穗长、穗粗、穗粒数、百粒重和产量差异均显著,不同秸秆还田量对穗粒数、百粒重和产量的影响也差异显著,350 mm灌水量下秸秆还田3000 kg/hm^(2)处理、450 mm灌水量下秸秆还田6000 kg/hm^(2)处理产量具有显著优势。不同秸秆还田量对播前土壤蓄水量、收获土壤蓄水量及水分利用效率的影响显著,秸秆还田比不还田土壤蓄水量增加6.38%~9.88%,水分利用效率提高7.67%~22.68%。在沈阳地区枯水年春玉米秸秆还田量3000 kg/hm^(2)、平水年秸秆还田量6000 kg/hm^(2)是区域最佳的秸秆还田量。The effects of different irrigation amount and straw returning amount on growth and development,dry matter accumulation and distribution,yield and its components and water use efficiency of spring maize were studied in a field of micro area for 2 years.The results showed that there were obvious differences between the same straw returning amount and different irrigation amount,and the plant height,stem diameter,leaf area and aboveg⁃round dry matter increased with the increase of irrigation amount.Suitable straw returning amount was beneficial to increase plant height and leaf area at maturity stage,the interaction between irrigation amount and straw returning amount significantly affected ear weight at maturity stage.There were significant differences in ear length,ear diam⁃eter,grains number per ear,100-grain weight and yield of spring maize under different irrigation amount.The ef⁃fects of different straw returning amount on grains number per ear,100-grain weight and yield were also significant.The yield of spring maize under 3000 kg/ha straw returning amount of 350 mm and 6000 kg/ha straw returning amount of 450 mm had significant advantages.The effects of straw returning amount on soil water storage before sow⁃ing,soil water storage after harvest and water use efficiency were significant,and the treatment of straw returning in⁃creased soil water storage by 6.38%-9.88%and water use efficiency by 7.67%-22.68%compared with no straw re⁃turning.Comprehensive analysis showed that the best straw returning amount is 3000 kg/ha for spring maize straw in dry years and 6000 kg/ha for normal years in Shenyang.

关 键 词：春玉米 灌水量 秸秆还田量 产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S513.047[农业科学—作物学]