高温和高湿环境对不同生态型黄瓜幼苗生长的影响  

Effects of High Temperature and High Humidity on Seedling Growth of Different Ecotype Cucumber

作　　者：仝培江 孟焕文[1] 潘玉朋[1] 刘汉强[1] 程智慧[1] TONG Peijiang;MENG Huanwen;PAN Yupeng;LIU Hanqiang;CHENG Zhihui(College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国蔬菜》2023年第3期85-91,共7页China Vegetables

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0101705-6);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2021ZDLNY03-12)。

摘　　要：为明确不同生态型黄瓜种质资源的耐湿热特性,以3种生态型39个黄瓜品种为试材,进行常温条件下常湿(65%)和高湿(95%)试验;以不同热敏性的3种生态型6个黄瓜品种为试材,进行高湿条件下不同高温试验。结果表明:常温条件下,相对于常湿处理,高湿处理主要使黄瓜幼苗叶面积增加,叶绿素含量(SPAD值)降低,且变化幅度相对较大,而对地上部鲜质量和干质量的影响相对较小;品种间差异较大,并与生态型有关。高湿条件下,38~40℃高温对不同生态型黄瓜品种幼苗的生长指标主要表现为促进作用,44~46℃高温对大多数品种幼苗的生长指标表现抑制作用,42℃高温处理下幼苗的叶面积、地上部和根干质量能很好地区分黄瓜品种的耐热性。综上,42℃/32℃(昼/夜)+95%(空气相对湿度)可作为黄瓜品种耐湿热性鉴定的温湿度指标。To explore the tolerance to hot and humid of different ecotype cucumber germplasm,an experiment of normal relative humidity(65%)and high relative humidity(95%)on 3 ecotype cucumber totally 39 cultivars was conducted under normal temperature.Another experiment of different high temperatures on 3 ecotype cucumber totally 6 cultivars was conducted under high relative humidity.The results showed that under normal temperature condition,high relative humidity treatment mainly promoted leaf area and decreased chlorophyll content(SPAD value),and resulted in relative larger differences;but presented less effect on top fresh and dry mass of seedling,compared to normal relative humidity.These differences were significant in cultivars and related to ecotype.Under high humidity condition,38-40℃high temperatures mainly showed positive effects on seedling growth indexes of most cultivars in different ecotypes,while treatments of 44-46℃mainly showed inhibition effects.The leaf area,top dry mass and root dry mass of seedling under 42℃high temperature treatment can better indicate hot tolerance among cultivars.Therefore,42℃/32℃(day/night)+95%(relative humidity)is suggested to be a parameter of temperature and humidity to identify cucumber tolerance to hot and humid.

关 键 词：黄瓜 生态型 高温 高湿 幼苗生长 

分 类 号：S642.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]