徽州文书所见清代保甲制度的推行和运作  

The Research on the Implementation and Operation of the Bao-Jia System in the Qing Dynasty in Huizhou Documents

作　　者：赵懿梅 ZHAO Yimei

机构地区：[1]黄山学院安徽非物质文化遗产研究中心,安徽黄山245041 [2]安徽大学历史系,安徽合肥230039

出　　处：《淮南师范学院学报》2023年第1期80-85,共6页Journal of Huainan Normal University

基　　金：安徽高校人文社会科学研究项目“徽州农业民俗文化遗产研究”(SK2019A0714);安徽省社会科学规划项目“新安江中下游流域文书的整理及研究”(AHSKY2019D117)。

摘　　要：保甲制度是中国历史上长期实施的一项基层社会控制和管理制度。文章利用新发现的徽州文书、方志、族谱等,进一步呈现清代徽州保甲制度推行和运作的实态:保甲门牌、十家门牌等保甲编制过程中给发的官文书,反映出官方推行保甲制度的程序和意志,及其实现对乡村社会进行管理和控制的目的;合同等私约文书,反映了保甲组织在官方的领导和督促下,依托宗族力量运作的实态;谕单等官方颁定的章程和政令,可见面对乡村社会权力格局的变化和保甲制度的日渐式微,官方强化保甲制度的意图。清代徽州保甲的编制、运行、强化,反映了中央集权和基层力量之间的互动与博弈。The Bao-Jia system is a grass-roots social control and management system implemented for a long time in China’s history. This paper makes use of the newly discovered Huizhou documents, local chronicles, genealogies, etc., to further present the reality of the implementation and operation of the Bao-jia system in Huizhou in the Qing Dynasty: the official documents reflect the official procedures and will to implement the Bao-jia system, so as to achieve the management and control of rural society;private contract documents reflect the reality of the Bao-jia organizations’ operation relying on the clan forces under the official leadership and supervision;the regulations and decrees issued by the government, show the official intention to strengthen the Bao-jia system in the face of changes in the power structure of rural society and the gradual decline of the Bao-jia system. The establishment, operation and strengthening of Huizhou Baojia in the Qing Dynasty reflected the interaction and game between centralization and grass-roots forces.

关 键 词：徽州文书 保甲制度 宗族 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]