论环境侵权惩罚性赔偿责任适用之争议  

Research on the disputes of Puntive Damages for Environmental Tort

作　　者：周龙 Zhou Long(Law School,Nanjing Tech University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 200438)

机构地区：[1]南京工业大学法政学院,江苏南京200438

出　　处：《重庆社会科学》2023年第2期75-92,共18页Chongqing Social Sciences

基　　金：江苏省法学会法学研究课题“《民法典》视野下环境侵权惩罚性赔偿责任研究”(SFH2020D09);南京工业大学青年社会科学基金“环境健康风险法律规制研究”(QNSK201903)。

摘　　要：民法典中环境侵权惩罚性赔偿责任的创制,是我国环境民事立法上的一次重大突破。在民法典生效后,该制度在司法实践中即刻引发巨大争议。对于民法典第一千二百三十二条的适用范围是否包含环境民事公益诉讼和生态损害赔偿诉讼,实务部门和理论界呈现截然相反的态度。究其争议产生之根本原因,在于我国目前环境民事责任领域,存在着侵权诉讼、生态损害赔偿诉讼、民事公益诉讼“三驾马车”齐头并进的局面。而惩罚性赔偿责任能否在这三种制度中混用,则取决于其自身的目的和定位,以及三种制度各自的功能和界限。从我国环境民事责任的体系以及民法典的相关表述来看,惩罚性赔偿责任的适用范围应当限定于一般侵权诉讼,不宜也无必要扩展至民事公益诉讼和生态损害赔偿诉讼之中。Article 1232 of Civil Code is an important breakthrough in the field of environmental civil liability.After the Civil Code came into effect,the article immediately aroused great controversy in judicial practice.Whether punitive damages liability can be applied to environmental civil public interest litigation,the practical departments and the theoretical circles present completely opposite attitudes.The Statutory interpretation of punitive damages liability has exacerbated the controversy.The fundamental reason for the dispute lies in the fact that there are three systems of environmental tort lawsuit,ecological damage lawsuit and civil public interest lawsuit in the field of environmental civil liability in China.Whether punitive damages liability can be applied in these three systems depends on its own purpose and orientation,as well as the functions and boundaries of the three systems.Judging from the system of environmental civil liability in China and the relevant expressions in the civil code,the applicable range of punitive dameges should be limited in the field of general infringement lawsuit,not necessary to extend the range to the civil public interest lawsuit and ecological damage compensation lawsuit.

关 键 词：民法典 环境侵权 惩罚性赔偿责任 

分 类 号：D922.6[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]