胶东半湿润区不同播种密度和株行距对冬小麦生长及产量的影响  

Effects of Sowing Density and Row/Within-row Spaces on Wheat Growth and Yield at Semi-humid Area of Jiaodong

作　　者：徐梦杰 王碧胜 孙筱璐 杨晓慧 侯靳锦 房全孝[1] XU Mengjie;WANG Bisheng;SUN Xiaolu;YANG Xiaohui;HOU Jinjin;FANG Quanxiao(College of Agronomy,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学农学院,山东青岛266109

出　　处：《青岛农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第1期8-16,45,共10页Journal of Qingdao Agricultural University(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31671627);青岛农业大学博士启动基金(663/1120069)。

摘　　要：为明确胶东半湿润区不同播种密度和株行距对冬小麦产量形成的调控机理,以当地主栽品种‘济麦22号’为材料,探讨了不同株行距配置和播种密度对冬小麦群体动态、地上生物量、产量及其构成要素等指标的影响。两年试验结果表明:播种密度与基本苗、公顷穗数及籽粒产量呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.97、0.95和0.50,与穗粒数呈显著负相关,相关系数为-0.69;在相同播种密度下,窄行宽株距处理明显优于宽行窄株距处理,其增产的关键是穗数的提高。当播种密度降低时,行距变化对冬小麦总分蘖数、公顷穗数和籽粒产量的影响均大于株距变化的影响,而株距变化对单株分蘖的影响大于行距变化的影响;株行距影响籽粒产量的主控因素为穗数,而通过穗粒数和千粒重对产量的调控作用存在较大的年际差异。综上可知,胶东半湿润区播种密度和株行距主要通过穗数调控冬小麦产量,为实现小麦高产,推荐窄行(20 cm)宽株距(1.0 cm)和中高播种密度(500×10^(4)粒/hm^(2))为最佳播种方法。In order to investigate the effects of different row and within-row spaces and sowing densities on winter wheat growth and yield at the semi-humid area of Jiaodong,the local dominant winter wheat variety‘Jimai 22’was taken as material.Different within-row spaces and row spaces with various sowing densities were designed to study their effects on population dynamics,aboveground biomass,grain yield and yield components.The results of the two-year experiments showed that:The sowing density showed significant positive correlations with basic seedlings,the spike number per hectare and grain yield,and the correlation coefficients were 0.97,0.95 and 0.50,respectively;There was a significant negative correlation between the sowing density and the grain number per ear,with correlation coefficient-0.69.Under the same sowing densities,the narrow-row and wide within-row spaces treatments showed obvious advantage to the wide-row and narrow-within-row spaces treatments,and the spike number per hectare was the key to increase yield.When sowing density decreased,the effects of row space on total tillers,ear number per hectare and grain yield were greater than those of within-row space,but the effect of within-row space on tiller per plant was greater than that of row space.The row and within-row spaces affected grain yield mainly by regulating spike numbers,while there was a large interannual difference in the regulation of grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight on yield.In summary,at the semi-humid area,the regulations of sowing density,row/within-row spaces on grain yield were controlled mainly by spike number per area.The narrow-row space(20 cm)and wide within-row space(1.0 cm)together with a planting density of 500×10^(4)plant/hm^(2)was recommended to achieve higher grain yield.

关 键 词：冬小麦 株行距 播种密度 产量构成要素 群体动态 籽粒产量 

分 类 号：S512[农业科学—作物学]