充填条件下复杂采空区围岩冒落规律与治理方案研究  

Study on Caving Law of Surrounding Rock and Treatment Scheme in Complex Goaf under Filling Condition

作　　者：张晶 周宗红[1] 任凤玉[2] 刘剑 ZHANG Jing;ZHOU Zonghong;REN Fengyu;LIU Jian(Faculty of Land Resource Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China;College of Resources and Civil Engineering,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学国土资源工程学院,昆明654093 [2]东北大学资源与土木工程学院,沈阳110819

出　　处：《有色金属工程》2023年第3期121-128,共8页Nonferrous Metals Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51864023,52264019)。

摘　　要：复杂大型空区充填治理受限于矿山充填能力,治理现场常表现为“边充边冒”的情形,空区围岩冒落速度较大时,存在冒透地表的可能,对空区安全治理及矿山安全生产极为不利。以唐山某铁矿复杂冒落空区为工程背景,借助三维激光扫描技术对空区形态进行探测,并通过对比前三次探测结果分析了空区的扩展趋势。结合离散元软件3DEC建立复杂数值计算模型,用以演化模拟充填条件下空区围岩冒落过程,掌握空区充填与围岩冒落的时空演化特征,并提出空区分段充填治理方案。结果显示:冒落空区形成初期,边界在纵向与横向上均有扩展,此时空区治理的关键在于及时支撑冒落拱基以限制空区跨度增大,当充填至-210 m水平时,空区横向冒落范围锐减,表明空区充填体有效阻止了空区北侧围岩冒落,可将-210 m水平视为充填临界水平,据此提出的空区分段充填治理方案,可有效保障空区的安全治理和周边矿体的安全开采。The filling treatment of complex large goaf is limited by the filling capacity of the mine, and the treatment site always shows the situation of “filling and caving”.Large caving speed will lead to the goaf to burst through the surface, which is extremely unfavorable to the safety management of the goaf and the safety production of the mine.Taking the complex caving goaf of an iron mine in Tangshan as the engineering background, the 3D laser scanning technology is used to detect the goaf morphology, and the expansion trend of goaf is analyzed by comparing the previous three detection results.Combined with discrete element software 3DEC,a complex numerical calculation model is established to simulate the caving process of goaf surrounding rock under filling conditions, master the space-time evolution characteristics of goaf filling and surrounding rock caving, and put forward the filling treatment scheme of goaf section.The results show that the goaf boundary expands both vertically and horizontally at the initial stage of the formation of the caving area, and the key to the governance of this space-time area is to timely support the caving arch foundation to limit the increase of the span of the goaf.When the filling reaches the-210 m level, the horizontal caving range of the goaf decreases sharply, indicating that the filling body of the goaf can effectively prevent the collapse of the surrounding rock on the north side of the goaf, and this level can be considered as the critical filling level.Based on this, the scheme of the segmented filling governance of the goaf is proposed, which can effectively ensure the safety management of the goaf and the safe mining of the surrounding orebodies.

关 键 词：采空区 三维激光扫描技术 数值模拟 充填治理 冒落规律 

分 类 号：TD853.34[矿业工程—金属矿开采]