我国水资源动态演变及开发利用现状分析  

Analysis of the Current Situation and Trends of Water Resources Development and Utilization in China

作　　者：贾志峰[1,2,3] 刘鹏程 马艳 郑飞敏 JIA Zhi-feng;LIU Peng-cheng;MA Yan;ZHENG Fei-min(School of Water and Environment,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710054,China;Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region,Ministry of Education,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710054,China;Institute of Water and Development,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710054,China;Xi'an Secondary Water Supply Management Center,Xi'an 710009,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学水利与环境学院,陕西西安710054 [2]长安大学旱区地下水文与生态效应教育部重点实验室,陕西西安710054 [3]长安大学水与发展研究院,陕西西安710054 [4]西安市二次供水管理中心,陕西西安710009

出　　处：《水电能源科学》2023年第3期27-30,共4页Water Resources and Power

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42001033);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2021JQ-237)。

摘　　要：分析水资源动态演变及开发利用现状,对水资源可持续开发与保护有重要意义。选取我国松花江区、辽河区、海河区、黄河区、淮河区、长江区、东南诸河区、珠江区、西南诸河区、西北诸河区等10个水资源一级区1997~2020水资源公报数据,运用Kendall秩次检验法分析各区水资源动态演变及开发利用现状。结果表明,我国水资源动态演变具有空间差异性,黄河区呈极显著增加趋势,松花江区呈显著增加趋势,淮河区呈不显著减少趋势,其余区域呈不显著上升趋势。松花江区和长江区呈弱显著上升趋势,辽河区、海河区、淮河区和东南诸河区为不显著下降趋势;其他水资源区均为不显著上升趋势。我国供水结构中供水量呈极显著上升趋势,但近年来增速变缓;地表水占比最大,地下水次之,其他用水占比最小。我国用水结构中2013年后农业、工业用水量呈极显著下降趋势,与之对应的是工农业用水效率增加,生活用水保持平稳水平,生态用水量逐年增大。Analyzing the dynamic evolution and current situation of development and utilization of water resources is of great significance to the sustainable development and protection of water resources. The data of 1997-2020 water resources bulletins of 10 water resources zones, including Songhua River, Liao River, Hai River, Yellow River, Huai River, Yangtze River, Southeast China, Pearl River, Southwest China, and Northwest China, were selected to analyze the dynamic evolution of water resources and the current situation of development and utilization in these zones by using Kendall rank test. The results show that there are spatial differences in the dynamic evolution of water resources in China with the Yellow River region showing a highly significant increasing trend, the Songhua River basin showing a significant increasing trend, the Huai River basin showing a non-significant decreasing trend, and the rest of the basin showing a non-significant increasing trend. The Songhua River and Yangtze River basin show a weakly significant increasing trend, while the Liao River, Hai, Huai and Southeast rivers basin show a non-significant decreasing trend;The other water resources basin all show a non-significant increasing trend. The proportion of surface water is the largest, groundwater is the second largest and other water uses is the smallest. The water consumption of agriculture and industry in China’s water use structure is on a highly significant downward trend after 2013, which corresponds to an increase in the efficiency of water use in agriculture and industry, a stable level of water use in domestic use and an increase in ecological water use year by year.

关 键 词：水资源 动态演变 供水量 用水量 

分 类 号：TV211.1[水利工程—水文学及水资源]