黄河流域水质时空变化特征与原因分析  

Analysis of Spatial-temporal Variation Characteristics and Causes of Water Quality in the Yellow River Basin

作　　者：朱志鹏 司源 董飞[1] 郭文献 ZHU Zhi-peng;SI Yuan;DONG Fei;GUO Wen-xian(State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;School of Water Conservancy,North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,Zhengzhou 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100038 [2]华北水利水电大学水利学院,河南郑州450046

出　　处：《水电能源科学》2023年第3期39-43,共5页Water Resources and Power

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFC0407702);中国水科院基本科研业务费项目(WE110145B0072021,WR0145B022021);安徽省重大科技项目(YJJH-ZT-ZX-20210315378)。

摘　　要：为探究黄河流域水质时空分布规律及污染成因,系统收集了2015~2019年黄河干流8个省界站点7项基本水质指标逐月监测数据,采用季节性Kendall趋势检验法等统计方法系统分析了黄河水质时空分布和趋势变化特征,基于现行地表水环境质量标准评价了水质状况确定了主要污染指标,并应用线性回归模型探究了污染成因。结果表明,多数水质指标浓度空间分布特征表现为中游下游>上游,潼关站各项水质指标浓度显著高于其他站。趋势检验结果显示,多数站点水质指标浓度呈(高度)显著下降或无明显趋势,中下游河段部分站点TP浓度则为(高度)显著上升趋势,尤以高村、利津站上升速率最为显著;从空间差异性来看,潼关站水质较差与该断面多条污染严重的支流汇聚有关。从季节差异性来看,TP浓度季节分布特征表现为非汛期<汛期,在汛期降雨冲刷作用下,支流携带的农业含磷元素随降雨形成的地表径流入河,导致TP浓度增加。NH_(3)-N浓度汛期<非汛期,其季节性变化与气温相关性较强,汛期较高的流速和气温有助于促进NH_(3)-N稀释降解。In order to explore the spatial and temporal distribution of water quality in the Yellow River basin and the causes of pollution,the monthly monitoring data of 7 basic water quality indicators at 8 provincial boundary stations of the Yellow River from 2015 to 2019 were systematically collected,and the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and trend changes of water quality of the Yellow River were systematically analyzed by seasonal Kendall trend test method.Based on the surface water quality standard,the status of water quality was evaluated and the main pollution indicators were determined.The linear regression model was used to discuss the causes of pollution.The results show that the spatial distribution characteristics of most water quality indicators are middle reaches>lower reaches>upper reaches.The concentration values of water quality indicators at Tongguan station are significantly higher than those at other stations.TP concentration values at some stations in the middle and lower reaches of the river show a significant upward trend,especially at Gaocun and Lijin stations.From the perspective of spatial variability,the poor water quality of Tongguan station is related to the convergence of several seriously polluted tributaries in this section.From the perspective of seasonal variability,the seasonal distribution characteristics of TP concentration show that the non-flood season is less than the flood season.Under the effect of rainfall erosion in the flood season,agricultural phosphorus carried by tributaries flow into the river with the surface runoff formed by rainfall,resulting in the increase of TP concentration.The seasonal variation of NH_(3)-N concentration in flood season is less than that in non-flood season,which is strongly correlated with air temperature.Higher flow rate and air temperature in flood season contribute to the dilution and degradation of NH_(3)-N.

关 键 词：水质时空变化 季节性Kendall趋势检验 污染原因 黄河流域 

分 类 号：TV211.11[水利工程—水文学及水资源]