梯形消能墩—台阶组合式消能工水力特性研究  

Research on Hydraulic Characteristics of Trapezoidal Energy Dissipating Pier and Step Combined Energy Dissipator

作　　者：田煜 孙西欢[1] 李永业[1] 陈润 耿宽 TIAN Yu;SUN Xi-huan;LI Yong-ye;CHEN Run;GENG Kuan(College of Hydro Science and Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China)

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学水利科学与工程学院,山西太原030024

出　　处：《水电能源科学》2023年第3期99-102,共4页Water Resources and Power

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51179116)。

摘　　要：为降低台阶负压,减少空化空蚀的影响,提高台阶消能效果,在传统台阶凸角位置增设梯形消能墩组成梯形消能墩—台阶组合式消能工,采用水工模型试验与数值模拟相结合的方法,研究梯形消能墩—台阶组合式消能工的水力特性。结果表明,梯形消能墩—台阶组合式消能工台阶水平面与竖直面在靠近凸角附近存在负压,有发生空化空蚀破坏的可能;但台阶水平面与竖直面负压区掺气浓度基本大于5%,可有效降低空化空蚀危害;在本研究范围内,梯形消能墩—台阶组合式消能工消能率可达70%以上,消能率随流量的增大而降低。该组合式消能工有利于减小台阶空化空蚀危害和提高台阶消能效果,可为台阶消能工设计和现有台阶溢洪道除险加固提供参考依据。In order to reduce the negative pressure of the steps, reduce the influence of cavitation erosion and improve the effect of step dissipation, the trapezoidal energy dissipation pier was added into the convex angle of the traditional steps to form trapezoidal energy dissipation pier and step combined energy dissipator. The method of combining hydraulic model tests and numerical simulations was used to study the hydraulic characteristics of trapezoidal energy dissipation pier and step combined energy dissipator. The results show that there is negative pressure on the horizontal and vertical surfaces of the trapezoidal energy dissipation pier and step combined energy dissipator near the convex angle, and there is a possibility of cavitation failure;However, the aeration concentration of the negative pressure area in the horizontal level and the vertical surface of the step is basically greater than 5%, which can effectively reduce the harm of cavitation erosion;Within the study range, the trapezoidal energy dissipation pier and step combined energy dissipator energy consumption rate can reach more than 70%, and the energy dissipation rate decreases with the increase of the flow rate. This combined energy dissipator is conducive to reducing the cavitation hazard of step and improving the effect of step energy consumption, which can provide a certain reference basis for the design of step energy dissipator and existing step spillway reinforcement.

关 键 词：台阶消能工 梯形消能墩 压强特性 掺气效果 消能特性 

分 类 号：TV135.2[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]