再生铜冶炼过程中重金属排放特征和控制  

Emission Characteristics and Control of Heavy Metals in Secondary Copper Smelting Process

作　　者：林炳丞 吴广龙 郑明辉 刘国瑞[1,2] LIN Bing-cheng;WU Guang-long;ZHENG Ming-hui;LIU Guo-rui(School of Environment,Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study,UCAS,Hangzhou 310024,China;State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;International Environmental Cooperation Center,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Beijing 100035,China)

机构地区：[1]国科大杭州高等研究院环境学院,杭州310024 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心环境化学与生态毒理学国家重点实验室,北京100085 [3]生态环境部对外合作与交流中心,北京100035

出　　处：《环境科学》2023年第3期1678-1685,共8页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(22106029,21936007,22076201);中国博士后科学基金项目(2021M703408)。

摘　　要：再生铜冶炼是重要的重金属排放源,为掌握再生铜冶炼过程中重金属的排放特征和控制效果,通过固定源等速采样装置采集不同冶炼阶段的烟气样品,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定烟气和飞灰中重金属的浓度,并估算重金属的排放因子.结果表明,在冷却阶段烟气中重金属和颗粒物的浓度较高,经过布袋除尘器和吸附塔等污染控制装置后,重金属和颗粒物被协同脱除,脱除效率达80%~99%.排放烟气中重金属的浓度在阳极炉不同工艺段中的排序为:加料熔融段>氧化段≈还原段,且As、Pb、Cr、Sn、Sb和Cd的平均排放因子分别为2.6×10^(3)、2.4×10^(3)、2.7×10^(3)、5.6×10^(2)、34.1和9.8 mg·t^(-1),烟气中重金属和颗粒物的浓度均满足行业排放标准.飞灰中Cu和Zn的浓度较高,具有回收利用价值.Secondary copper smelting is an important source of heavy metal emission.Flue gas samples were collected from different stages in secondary copper smelters to study the emission characteristics and control of particulate matters(PM)and heavy metals such as Cd,Cr,As,Pb,Sn,and Sb.The mass concentrations of heavy metals in flue gas and fly ash were determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry.The emission factors of heavy metals were estimated.The results showed that the mass concentrations of heavy metals and PM in the flue gas were high in the cooling stage.After passing through a series of air pollution control devices,such as a bag filter and adsorption tower,the heavy metals and PM were simultaneously removed with a removal efficiency of 80%-99%.The concentration order of heavy metals in the stack gas from different anode furnace stages followed feeding-fusion>oxidation≈deoxidization.In general,the mass concentrations of heavy metals and PM in the stack gas could meet the industry emission standards.The average emission factors of As,Pb,Cr,Sn,Sb,and Cd were 2.6×10^(3),2.4×10^(3),2.7×10^(3),5.6×10^(2),34.1,and 9.8 mg·t^(-1),respectively.This could provide data support for estimating the annual emission amounts of heavy metals from the secondary copper industry and establishing the emission inventories.The fly ash contained high concentrations of Cu and Zn,which can be recycled as raw materials for recycling the valuable metals.

关 键 词：再生铜冶炼 重金属 颗粒物 过程分布 排放因子 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程]