灌水对节水小麦“衡观35”产量、蛋白质含量及光合性能的影响  

Effects of Irrigation on Yield,Protein Content and Photosynthetic Performance of Water-Saving Wheat“Hengguan 35”

作　　者：阚茗溪 王艳杰[1] 于慧玲 王德梅[1] 陶志强[1] 杨玉双[1] 王玉娇 高甜甜 曹祺 赵广才[1] 常旭虹[1] Kan Mingxi;Wang Yanjie;Yu Huiling;Wang Demei;Tao Zhiqiang;Yang Yushuang;Wang Yujiao;Gao Tiantian;Cao Qi;Zhao Guangcai;Chang Xuhong(Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业农村部作物生理生态重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《作物杂志》2023年第1期68-75,共8页Crops

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-03-16);中国农业科学院科技创新工程重大科研任务(CAAS-ZDRW202002)。

摘　　要：水分是限制小麦产量和品质提高的关键因素。为探究不同时期灌水对冬小麦产量、农艺性状、籽粒品质及光合性能的影响,在自动防雨水肥控制池中设置4个春季水分处理:不灌水(对照,W1)、仅拔节期灌水1050m^(3)/hm^(2)(W2)、仅开花期灌水1050m^(3)/hm^(2)(W3)和拔节期525m^(3)/hm^(2)+开花期525m^(3)/hm^(2)(W4)。结果表明,W1处理籽粒蛋白质含量最高,W2处理蛋白质产量最高,W3处理籽粒产量最高,W4处理光合性能最稳定。与W1处理相比,灌水影响小麦旗叶的光合性能,使其净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO_(2)浓度和蒸腾速率增大;拔节期灌水可增加叶片叶绿素含量,促进植株干物质积累,提高籽粒蛋白质产量,通过增加单位面积穗数和穗粒数而增加生物产量;开花期灌水促进籽粒长、宽增大,增大库容量,通过增加粒重而提高籽粒产量。通过比较拔节期灌水后至开花期未灌水前W1、W4和W2处理发现,灌水使最大净光合速率和光饱和点增大,暗呼吸速率减小,旗叶更加适应强光,但光合效率并不能进一步增加,并且随时间推移旗叶适应强光能力减弱。灌水量相同时,仅在开花期灌1次水或者在拔节期和开花期分2次灌水可减缓叶片后期光合性能下降,防止早衰。因此,在生产中要关注不同生育时期水分的作用,根据实际降水及生产需求及时进行灌溉。Water is the key factor limiting the improvement of wheat yield and quality.In order to explore the effects of irrigation in different periods on winter wheat yield,agronomic characteristics,grain quality and photosynthetic performance,four water treatments were set under conditions of automatic rain-proof shelter that water and fertilizer were controlled:no watering(control treatment,W1),water 1050m^(3)/ha at jointing stage(W2),water 1050m^(3)/ha at flowering stage(W3),and water 525m^(3)/ha at jointing stage+525m^(3)/ha at flowering stage(W4).The results showed that,the grain protein content of W1 treatment,the protein yield of W2 treatment and the grain yield of W3 treatment were the highest.W4 treatment had the most stable photosynthetic performance.Compared with W1 treatment,irrigation affected the photosynthetic performance of wheat flag leaves,increased its net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,intercellular CO_(2)concentration and transpiration rate.Irrigation at jointing stage increased leaf chlorophyll content,dry matter accumulation and grain protein yield,and increased biological yield by increasing the number of spikes and grains per spike.Irrigation at flowering stage could increase grain length and width,increase sink capacity,and increase grain yield by increasing weight.By comparing W1,W4 and W2 treatments after irrigation at jointing stage and before irrigation at flowering stage,it was found that irrigation increased the maximum net photosynthetic rate and light saturation point,decreased the dark respiration rate,and the flag leaf was more adapted to strong light,but could not further increase the photosynthetic efficiency,and the weakening range of flag leaf adaptation to strong light increased with time.With the same amount of irrigation,irrigation only once at flowering stage or twice at jointing stage and flowering stage could prevent the decline of photosynthetic performance and the earlysenescence of leaves at the later stage.Therefore,attention should be paid to the role of water

关 键 词：灌水时期 冬小麦 光合性能 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]