盐逆境下缓/控释肥对水稻生长发育、产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Slow/Controlled Release Fertilizer Application on Growth,Yield and Quality of Rice under Salt Stress

作　　者：翟彩娇 张蛟[1] 崔士友[1] 陈澎军 韩继军 Zhai Caijiao;Zhang Jiao;Cui Shiyou;Chen Pengjun;Han Jijun(Jiangsu Yanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Nantong 226012,Jiangsu,China;Jiangsu Geological Bureau/Engineering Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Improvement and Sustainable Utilization of Coastal Saline-Alkali Land,Nanjing 210007,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所,江苏南通226012 [2]江苏省地质局/滨海盐碱地生态改良与可持续利用工程技术创新中心,江苏南京210007

出　　处：《作物杂志》2023年第1期143-151,共9页Crops

基　　金：江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目“提高盐胁迫下滩涂水稻穗粒数的技术研究”[CX(20)3118];南通市科技计划项目“盐胁迫下缓/控释肥对水稻品质及产量的影响研究”(JC2019151);南通市科技计划项目“沿海滩涂稻麦周年高产高效技术集成与应用”(MS22021040)。

摘　　要：为探明盐逆境下缓/控释肥对水稻生长发育、产量和品质的影响,以南粳5055为材料开展盆栽试验。设置3个盐分水平:0.0g/kg(S0)、1.5g/kg(S1)、3.0g/kg(S2)和4种氮肥处理:常规尿素(F1)、有机缓释水稻专用肥(F2)、大颗粒尿素(F3)和硫包衣尿素(F4),各处理的施氮量和磷钾肥用量相同,以不施氮肥处理为对照(CK)。结果表明,盐逆境下,F2的最大茎蘖数、株高和成穗率均最高;在S0下,F2、F3和F4的产量比F1分别高出11.89%、5.58%和17.14%;在S1和S2下,F2的产量比F1分别高出30.28%和37.20%,而F3和F4的增产效果不佳。在盐逆境下,F2主要通过增加有效穗数、穗粒数和千粒重提高产量。盐逆境下穗粒重、一次枝梗的粒重、千粒重和结实率,二次枝梗的粒重和千粒重均以F2最高。盐逆境下,F2具有较高的糙米率、精米率、胶稠度和较低的直链淀粉、蛋白质含量。由本研究可得出,盐逆境下,F2的增产效果最佳,且对稻米品质具有一定的有利影响,在一定程度上能缓解盐逆境对水稻的危害。To explore the effects of slow/controlled release fertilizer application on rice growth,yield and rice quality under salt stress,Nanjing 5055 was used as material to conduct pot experiments.Three salt levels and four nitrogen fertilizer types were set in the experiment,three soil salt levels including 0.0(S0),1.5(S1)and3.0g/kg(S2),and four nitrogen fertilizer types including urea(F1),slow-release special fertilizer for rice(F2),large granule urea(F3)and sulfur-coated urea(F4).The amount of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer application in each treatment were the same.Treatment without nitrogen fertilizer were set up as control(CK).The results showed that,the maximum tiller number,plant height and percentage of productive tillers of F2treatment were higher than those of other treatments under salt stress.Compared with F1 treatment,the yields of F2,F3 and F4 treatments were increased by 11.89%,5.58%and 17.14%under S0 level,respectively.Under S1and S2 levels,the yield of F2 treatment were 30.28%and 37.20%higher than that of F1 treatment,respectively.But F3 and F4 treatments had poor yield increase.Under S1 and S2 levels,the increase of F2 yield were mainly due to the significant increase of effective panicle number and grain number per panicle and 1000-grain weight.The grain weight per panicle of F2,grain weight,1000-grain weight and seed-setting rate of primary branch,grain weight and 1000-grain weight of the secondary branch of F2 treatment were higher than those of other treatments under salt stress.Under S1 and S2 levels,F2 treatment had higher brown rice rate,milled rice rate,gel-consistency and lower amylose and protein content.Under the conditions of this experiment,F2 treatment had the best yield increase,and had certain favorable effects on improving rice quality under salt stress.F2 treatment could alleviate the damage of salt stress to rice to a certain extent.

关 键 词：水稻 盐逆境 缓/控释肥 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]