法律编纂视域下的7—8世纪拜占庭帝国转型  

The Transformation of the Byzantine Empire from the Perspective of Legal Codifi cation(7th-8th Century)

作　　者：庞国庆[1] Pang Guoqing

机构地区：[1]南开大学历史学院,天津300071

出　　处：《历史研究》2023年第1期124-145,M0006,M0007,共24页Historical Research

基　　金：南开大学文科发展基金项目“拜占庭帝国7—8世纪的法律编纂研究”(ZX20210066)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：7—8世纪是晚期罗马帝国向中古拜占庭帝国转型的最后阶段。法律编纂呈现了帝国统治者的治理理念,反映了转型过程。《民法大全》在适用中面临法学传承、语言等难题,是转型前“罗马困境”的缩影。7—8世纪的法律编纂,弱化罗马法的部分原则,吸纳希腊法和不成文法,同时实现全面基督教化,基督教信仰成为立法精神、法律渊源和法条内容等。该时期拜占庭统治者在坚守罗马帝国名号和威权的前提下,放弃或淡化了传统理念中的拉丁区域和文化,寻求政治理念与帝国疆域的统一,以契合帝国鲜明的东地中海特征。由此,传统的“普世罗马帝国”转型为“东方基督教罗马帝国”。The 7th-8th century period represented the final stage in the transition between the late Roman and medieval Byzantine empires,during which the codification of laws provides a direct reflection of the ruling ideology of the Byzantine emperors,and of this transformation.The multifaceted difficulties confronting the enforcement of the Corpus Juris Civilis in the fields of legal inheritance,language and so forth,were the epitome of the“Roman dilemma”facing the Empire prior to this transformation.Codification during the 7th-8th centuries weakened the principles of traditional Roman law,incorporating Hellenistic and unwritten law,while completing Christianization of the law,with the Christian faith coming to provide it with the spirit,sources and articles.These changes reflected the desire on the part of the Byzantine rulers of the period to maintain unity in terms of political ideology and existing territory,in keeping with their Empire’s distinctively Eastern Mediterranean characteristics,while both forsaking or diluting traditional Latin regions and culture,and maintaining the name and sovereignty of the Roman Empire.Thus,the traditionally“Ecumenical”Roman Empire was transformed into one which was“Oriental”and“Christian”in character.

关 键 词：拜占庭帝国 法律编纂 《法律选编》 《民法大全》 罗马帝国 

分 类 号：K134[历史地理—历史学] D904.1[历史地理—世界史]