基层服务型政府建设中政府责任泛化困境的生成逻辑及破解路径——推进农村厕所改造的案例研究  

Formation Logic and Solution Path of Inappropriate Expansion of Government Responsibilities in the Construction of Service-oriented Government at the Grassroots Level:A Case Study on the Government’s Promotion of Rural Toilet Renovation Projects

作　　者：杜姣 DU Jiao

机构地区：[1]武汉大学政治与公共管理学院

出　　处：《中国农村经济》2023年第2期168-184,共17页Chinese Rural Economy

摘　　要：乡村基层服务型政府建设是中国服务型政府建设的基石,事关农民生活的幸福指数和乡村社会的和谐稳定。随着国家财政能力的增强,基层服务型政府建设从理念走向现实。然而,实践中诸多提升农民生活福祉的服务举措不仅未取得预期效果,反而使基层政府陷入责任泛化困境。从以政府推进农村厕所改造服务为代表的基层服务型政府建设举措中,可以发现,在乡村基层公共服务供给主要由政府投入资源的背景下,基于资源使用的安全性与公共服务落地的时限性目标,地方政府越来越普遍地采用中心工作化的服务供给模式,对服务权实行集中支配。基层公共服务的供给被简化为公共行政管理技术的应用过程,缺乏对乡村社会性质的基本观照。服务权集中支配与乡村社会不规则性之间存在错位。这种错位给农民针对政府的权利诉求提供了滋生土壤,并造成政府责任的过度卷入,使政府责任泛化。要破解这一困境,需要将服务权下移至村庄,重置基层公共服务供给过程中政府和农民的角色,确立农民在基层公共服务供给过程中的主体地位。The construction of service-oriented government at the grassroots level in rural areas is the cornerstone of the construction of service-oriented government in China,which is related to the happiness index of farmers’life and the harmony and stability of rural society.With the enhancement of national financial capacity,the concept of the construction of service-oriented government at the grassroots level has come to reality.However,many service measures to improve farmers’well-being have not only failed to achieve the expected results,but also put local governments at the grassroots level in a practical dilemma of inappropriate expansion of government responsibilities.The construction of service-oriented government at the grassroots level can be represented by rural toilet renovation projects implemented by local governments.The analysis finds that under the background that public service provision at the grassroots level in rural areas is mainly invested by the government,local governments have been increasingly adopting a centralized service delivery model with centralized control over service delivery based on the considerations of security of resource use and the timeliness of public service delivery.The public service delivery at the grassroots level is reduced to the process of application and realization of public administration technologies,lacking basic care for the nature of rural society.There is a misalignment between the centralized control over service delivery and the characteristics of rural society without universal rules.This misalignment provides a breeding ground for farmers’rights to claim against the government,causing inappropriate and excessive expansion of government responsibilities.To solve this dilemma,it is necessary to transfer service delivery rights to the village,reset the role of the government and that of farmers,and establish farmers’dominant position in the process of public service delivery at the grassroots level.

关 键 词：基层服务型政府 政府责任 乡村社会性质 农村厕所改造 

分 类 号：C912.82[经济管理] D630[社会学]