非意图的结果:环保税率省际差异与污染企业迁移策略  

Unintended Consequences:Inter-provincial Differences in the Environmental Protection Tax Rates and the Migration Strategies of Polluting Enterprises

作　　者：谢贞发[1] 陈芳敏 陈卓恒 XIE Zhenfa;CHEN Fangmin;CHEN Zhuoheng(Xiamen University,361005)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学经济学院,361005

出　　处：《财贸经济》2023年第3期24-39,共16页Finance & Trade Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“基本公共服务均等化建设中的地方财政体制改革研究”(18ZDA096);厦门大学经济学院财政系研究生科研创新项目“财政压力与地方政府应对策略研究”。

摘　　要：2018年起实施的《环境保护税法》赋予了地方政府制定本地环保税率的自主裁量权,省际的梯度税率格局可能引起企业策略性迁移行为,从而产生政策非意图的结果。本文从理论上分析了地区间环保税率差异与污染企业跨区迁移的关系,证实了环境治理成本的不同是污染企业区际迁移的关键驱动因素。在此基础上,本文利用上市公司异地投资的数据,采用双重差分法考察了环保税率省际差异对污染企业跨区迁移的影响。研究发现,环保税率地区差异致使污染企业倾向于选择“避高就低”的迁移策略,在相对税率较低的地区设立更多异地子公司。这一现象在重污染行业及资本密集度较高的企业更为明显,且跨区迁移呈现寻求更优市场环境和就近迁移的方向特征。进一步研究发现,税率差异下的跨区迁移有助于降低生产成本、提升企业利润,但削弱了企业短期内绿色创新的积极性,同时造成污染转移。本文研究揭示了环保税改革可能引发的政策非意图结果,为全面评估和把握当前环保税改革的实际政策效果提供了现实证据,不仅有助于深入认识和理解环保税率差异对企业策略性行为的影响,而且也为中国进一步加强环境治理及有的放矢地协调地区间环境政策提供了重要的政策启示。The Environmental Protection Tax Law,implemented in 2018,gives local governments the discretion to set local tax rates,resulting in inter-provincial differences in environmental protection tax rates in the actual implementation process.Although the original purpose was to use tax leverage to encourage enterprises to reduce pollution,produce environmentally friendly products,and thus promote the green transition,the reallife difference in environmental protection tax rates undoubtedly provides space for polluting enterprises to evade environmental regulation through relocation.In practice,polluting firms,faced with different environmental regulatory constraints in different regions,may choose to migrate to avoid the negative impacts of environmental regulation more quickly,thus hurting the environmental governance effect of the policy.Therefore,this paper theoretically analyzes the relationship between inter-regional environmental protection tax rate differences and cross-regional migration of polluting enterprises,and confirms that the tax rate difference is a key driver of cross-regional migration of polluting enterprises.On this basis,this paper uses the data on nonlocal investment of listed companies from 2015 to 2020,and examines the impact of inter-provincial tax rate differences on the cross-regional migration of polluting enterprises using the Differences-in-Differences method.The study finds that regional differences in environmental protection tax rates led polluting enterprises to choose to move from areas with a higher rate to those with a lower rate and to set up more nonlocal subsidiaries in the latter.It is more pronounced in heavily polluting industries and capital-intensive industries,and cross-regional relocation is characterized by seeking a better market environment and nearby transfer.Further study indicates that such cross-regional migration helps to reduce production costs and increase corporate profits,but weakens the incentive of green innovation in the short term and causes pollution tran

关 键 词：环保税率 省际差异 企业迁移 异地投资 

分 类 号：F812.4[经济管理—财政学]