动车组空心轴相控阵超声波探伤研究  

Research on Phased Array Ultrasonic Flaw Detection of Hollow Axle of EMU

作　　者：武中凯 张军 WU Zhongkai;ZHANG Jun(School of Mechanical Engineering,Dalian Jiaotong University,Dalian Liaoning 116028,China;Investment and Equity Management Department,China Railway Investment Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100097,China;China Railway Harbin Group of Technology Corporation,Harbin Heilongjiang 150090,China)

机构地区：[1]大连交通大学机械工程学院,辽宁大连116028 [2]中国铁路投资有限公司投资与股权管理部,北京100097 [3]哈尔滨国铁科技集团股份有限公司,黑龙江哈尔滨150090

出　　处：《中国铁路》2023年第2期33-39,共7页China Railway

基　　金：中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划项目(k2020J002)。

摘　　要：动车组空心车轴是高铁动车的关键承载部件,对高铁运营安全影响较大。因此,对空心车轴进行探伤,进而对其缺陷提前预判十分重要。传统的超声波探头架方式存在探头旋转螺距限制探伤速度、探头旋转需要导电滑环、接触式探伤对探头有磨损、探头进给不均匀等缺点。针对上述不足,设计2种空心轴相控阵探头架方案,最终根据理论计算和模型仿真选用内接四边形探头架方案。该设计在探头架扫查过程中无需转动,探头从起始端面移动至终止端面完成第1次检测,然后将探头架旋转45°,从终止端面往回移动至起始端面进行第2次检测,可实现缺陷全覆盖。方案提出了全新的空心轴相控阵探头架结构设计,并通过声束仿真证明其有效性。设计避免了由旋转电机带动探头架转动,取消了导电滑环,可减少故障率、提高检测效率。该研究可为动车组空心车轴探伤工作提供参考。The hollow axle of EMU is a key bearing component of HSR EMU,which has a great influence on the operation safety of HSR.Therefore,it is very important to carry out flaw detection on hollow axles and then predict their defects in advance.The traditional ultrasonic probe holder method has the disadvantages as limited flaw detection speed with the rotation pitch of the probe,the probe cannot rotate without conductive slip rings,wearing of the probe with contact flaw detection,and uneven feed of the probe.In view of the shortcomings of the ultrasonic probe holder,two hollow axle phased array probe holder schemes are designed,and the inner quadrilateral probe holder scheme is finally selected according to theoretical calculation and model simulation.In this design,there is no need to rotate during the scanning process of the probe holder.The probe moves from the starting end face to the ending end face to complete the first detection,then rotates the probe holder by 45°,and moves back from the ending end face to the starting end face for the second detection,which can fully cover all defects.A new structure design of hollow axis phased array probe holder is proposed in this scheme,and its effectiveness is proved by acoustic beam simulation.This design avoids the rotation of the probe holder driven by the rotating motor,and eliminates the conductive slip ring,which can reduce the failure rate and improve the detection efficiency.This research can provide a reference for the flaw detection of hollow axles of EMUs.

关 键 词：动车组 空心车轴 相控阵 探伤 声束 

分 类 号：U266[机械工程—车辆工程] U279.3[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]