爆破中双线型聚能药包最佳成缝角度  

Optimum seam forming angle of bilinear shaped charge in engineering blasting

作　　者：尤元元 崔正荣 张西良 游帅 康一强 肖成龙 鲁非相[1,2] YOU Yuanyuan;CUI Zhengrong;ZHANG Xiliang;YOU Shuai;KANG Yiqiang;XIAO Chenglong;LU Feixiang(State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;Sinosteel Maanshan General Institute of Mining Research Co Ltd,Maanshan 243000,Anhui,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)深部岩土力学与地下工程国家重点实验室,北京100083 [2]中国矿业大学(北京)力学与建筑工程学院,北京100083 [3]中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究总院股份有限公司,安徽马鞍山243000

出　　处：《爆炸与冲击》2023年第2期142-156,共15页Explosion and Shock Waves

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51934001)。

摘　　要：为探究聚能张开角对双线型聚能药包结构炸药有效利用率和聚能效应的影响,通过瞬时爆轰假说理论对有效聚能炸药边界方程进行推导,分析不同聚能张开角聚能装药结构炸药的有效利用率;通过水泥砂浆物理模型试验,研究不同聚能张开角预裂孔成缝规律;采用LS-DYNA数值模拟软件,建立不同聚能张开角数值模型,揭示不同聚能张开角的双线型聚能结构药包射流的侵彻过程。研究结果表明聚能张开角为75°时,炸药产生聚能效应的有效利用率最大;聚能结构药包聚能槽张开角为75°时,预裂孔成缝效果明显优于聚能槽张开角为60°的聚能结构药包,沿聚能槽方向应力集中效应和侵彻深度最佳,炮孔壁上岩石单元最先达到应力峰值。针对聚能张开角为75°的双线型聚能结构药包开展了不同岩性预裂爆破现场试验,板岩和白云岩两种不同岩性,在孔距增大20%的条件下,双线型聚能预裂爆破效果优于常规预裂爆破。To explore the influences of the opening angle of bilinear shaped charge on the effective utilization rate and energy gathering effect, the boundary equation of effective shaped charge was deduced through the theory of instantaneous detonation hypothesis. The effective utilization ratio of the shaped charge structure blasting with 60°, 65°, 70°, 75°, and 80° shaped charge angles was analyzed using the visual implicit functions of SymPy package based on Python language. Through the physical model tests of single-hole Plexiglas and double-hole cement mortar, the crack formation law of pre-cracked holes with different energy-gathering opening angles was studied. Using the LS-DYNA numerical simulation software, five numerical models with energy-gathered opening angles of 60°, 65°, 70°, 75°, and 80° were established to reveal the penetration process of the bilinear energy-gathered structure charge jet and the stress evolution law of the rock unit on the blast-hole wall with different energygathered opening angles. The research results show that the effective utilization ratio of the shaped explosives is the highest when the energy-gathered opening angle is 75°. The pre-split hole formation effect when the opening angle of the energyconcentrating groove of the shaped charge is 75° is better than that when the opening angle is 60°, and the stress concentration effect and penetration depth along the direction of the energy-concentrating groove are the best, and the rock unit on the blasthole wall reaches the peak stress first. The pre-split blasting field tests of two lithologies of Slate and Dolomite were carried out for the double-line shaped energy-concentrated structure charge with the energy-gathering opening angle of 75°. In two different lithologies of Slate and Dolomite, under the condition that hole spacing was increased by 20%, the double-linear presplit blasting effect of the shaped energy is better than that of the conventional pre-split blasting.

关 键 词：聚能结构药包 聚能张开角 有效利用率 LS-DYNA 应力峰值 预裂爆破 

分 类 号：O389[理学—流体力学]