高转速泵作透平的水力优化与性能分析  

Hydraulic optimization and performance analysis of high rotating speed pump as turbine

作　　者：赵勇[1] 张彦 肖业祥[2] 汪程鹏 王生辉 张瑾[2] ZHAO Yong;ZHANG Yan;XIAO Yexiang;WANG Chengpeng;WANG Shenghui;ZHANG Jin(Key Laboratory of Highway Construction Technology and Equipment of Ministry of Education,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710064,China;State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering&Department of Energy and Power Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;The Institute of Seawater Desalination&Multipurpose Utilization,MNR,Tianjin 300192,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学道路施工技术与装备教育部重点实验室,西安710064 [2]清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室&能源与动力工程系,北京100084 [3]自然资源部天津海水淡化与综合利用研究所,天津300192

出　　处：《水力发电学报》2023年第3期50-59,共10页Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52279088);海南省省重点研发计划(ZDYF2021SHFZ057);国家电网有限公司总部管理科技项目资助(5419-202243054A-1-1-ZN)。

摘　　要：泵反转作透平应用领域广泛,除了可应用于可再生能源发电,还可应用于高能耗行业的高压余能回收,但其水力效率普遍偏低。为提高其水力效率,可结合水轮机水力设计理论,采用CFD方法进行水力性能优化。本文对离心泵反转作透平的叶轮采用正交实验方法进行了水力优化,该透平应用于海水淡化能量回收装置,运行额定转速12000 r/min,且部分外形尺寸已被限定。采用试验和数值方法,对优化后的透平水力性能与流动特性进行了详细分析,水力优化结果表明,与初始设计方案相比,采用正交优化后的叶轮内的流动分离和漩涡流等现象得到明显改善,透平的水力效率得到了较大提升;数值计算与试验的性能特性曲线趋势吻合良好,在额定转速下,随着水头的增加,水力效率先增加后减小,最优水力效率达85.47%;在偏工况下,离最优工况点越远,水力效率会相应降低,且内部流动状态变得更加复杂。A pump in reverse as turbine has wide application.Besides renewable energy power generation,it can also be used for high-pressure residual energy recovery in high-energy-consumption industries,but generally with a low hydraulic efficiency.To improve its efficiency,the CFD method can be used to optimize its hydraulic performance in combination with the design theory of hydraulic turbines.This study optimizes the impeller of a centrifugal pump as turbine using an orthogonal experimental method,and applies it to seawater desalination energy recovery with a rated speed of 12000 r/min and certain external dimensions limited.We examine the optimized turbine in detail,using experimental and numerical methods and focusing on its hydraulic performance and flow characteristics.Results show that compared with the initial design,the orthogonally optimized design is improved evidently in its impeller’s flow separation and vortex flows and its hydraulic efficiency.The calculations of performance characteristic curves agree well with the tested trends.At the rated speed,with the increasing water head,its hydraulic efficiency increases first and then decreases;its optimal hydraulic efficiency is 85.5%.Under partial working conditions,the farther away from the optimal point,its hydraulic efficiency will be reduced accordingly,and its internal flow state will become more complex.

关 键 词：液力透平 叶轮 正交优化 数值计算 性能特性曲线 

分 类 号：TV734[水利工程—水利水电工程] TK730[交通运输工程—轮机工程]