稻虾共作模式下秸秆还田与投食对稻米品质的影响  

Effects of straw returning and feeding on rice quality under rice-crayfish co-culture mode

作　　者：朱旭 倪明理 吕岩 郭子元 叶鑫 张文宇 尚永青 汪金平[1] ZHU Xu;NI Mingli;LÜYan;GUO Ziyuan;YE Xin;ZHANG Wenyu;SHANG Yongqing;WANG Jinping(College of Plant Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学植物科学技术学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2023年第2期79-85,共7页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2662019FW010);湖北省农业科技创新行动专项(2018skjcx01)。

摘　　要：为提高稻虾共作模式的稻米品质和效益,通过设置秸秆还田投食(SF)、秸秆还田不投食(SNF)、秸秆不还田投食(NSF)和秸秆不还田不投食(NSNF)处理,并以水稻单作秸秆还田(CK-S)和水稻单作秸秆不还田(CK-NS)为对照,对秸秆还田和投食对稻米品质的影响进行研究。结果显示:投食(F)处理能显著提高水稻、小龙虾产量和稻米营养品质,在秸秆还田(S)与秸秆不还田(NS)的条件下,F处理比不投食(NF)处理的蛋白质含量分别增加了27.41%和36.16%,差异显著。S处理与F处理的交互作用可显著影响稻米加工品质;整精米率和精米率在NSNF处理下最高,显著高于SF、SNF、NSF;秸秆还田、投食及其交互作用对蒸煮、食味品质无显著影响,稻米RVA黏滞性谱差异性较小;稻虾模式可提高稻米外观品质,稻虾共作模式下各处理垩白粒率和垩白度都低于稻田单作,与CK-S相比,SF处理垩白粒率和垩白度分别降低了15.09%、15.65%。结果表明,稻虾共作秸秆还田与投食2种措施可以改善稻米品质。Six treatments including straw returning with feeding(SF),straw returning without feed⁃ing(SNF),straw removal with feeding(NSF),straw removal without feeding(NSNF),rice monocul⁃ture with straw returning(CK-S),and rice monoculture with straw removal(CK-NS)were set up to study the effects of straw returning to field and feeding on rice quality under rice-cray co-culture mode.The results showed that feeding(F)significantly increased the yields of rice and crayfish,and the nutritional quality of rice.In the case of straw returning(S)and straw removal(NS),the content of protein in the F treatment was increased by 27.41% and 36.16%,respectively,significantly improved the nutritional quality of rice.The interaction between S treatment and F treatment significantly affected the processing quality of rice.The whole milled rice rate and milled rice rate were the highest under NSNF treatment,significantly higher than those under SF,SNF and NSF treatment.Straw returning,feeding and their interaction had no significant impact on the quality of cooking and eating.There was no significant difference in RVA viscosity spectrum of rice.Rice-crayfish co-culture mode improved the appearance quality of rice.Compared with CK-S,the chalky grain rate and chalkiness degree of SF decreased by 15.09%and 15.65%,respectively.It is indicated that straw returning and feeding can improve rice quality under rice-crayfish co-culture mode to a great extent.

关 键 词：稻田综合种养 稻虾共作模式 稻米品质 秸秆还田 水稻产量 绿色种养 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S451.1S966.1