烤烟连作条件下土壤微生物群落结构变化及驱动因素分析  

Changing characteristics and driving factors of soil microbial community structure under continuous cropping of flue-cured tobacco

作　　者：刘福童 李茂森 闫超超 彭智良 姜亚历 黄金辉 张永峰 任天宝[1] 刘国顺[1] LIU Futong;LI Maosen;YAN Chaochao;PENG Zhiliang;JIANG Yali;HUANG Jinhui;ZHANG Yongfeng;REN Tianbao;LIU Guoshun(College of Tobacco,Henan Agricultural University/Henan Provincial Biochar Research and Engineering Technology Center,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Shangluo Branch of Shaanxi Tobacco Company,Shangluo 726000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学烟草学院/河南省生物炭研究工程技术中心,郑州450002 [2]陕西省烟公司草商洛市公司,商洛726000

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2023年第2期139-146,共8页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：河南省重点研发计划项目(222102110178);陕西省烟草科技攻关项目(2021611000270042);河南青年骨干教师资助项目(2020GGJS047)。

摘　　要：为探究不同连作条件下烤烟土壤微生物群落结构变化特征及驱动因素,对秦岭腹地商洛地区连作Y1(烤烟种植1 a)、Y2(烤烟连作3 a)、Y3(烤烟连作5 a)和Y4(烤烟连作7 a)4种不同年份的植烟土壤进行了微生物生物量碳、微生物生物量氮、微生物多样性、群落结构变化及驱动因素的分析。结果显示:植烟土壤微生物生物量碳、氮和碳氮比随着种植年限的增加而减少,下降幅度分别为37.16%、20.40%和21.10%。土壤中细菌丰富度和多样性显著减少,其优势菌门为放线菌门、变形菌门、绿弯菌门、酸杆菌门和厚壁菌门,其相对丰度总和占比在80%及以上。在土壤中真菌丰富度显著增加,其优势菌门为子囊菌门、担子菌门和毛霉菌门,其相对丰度总和占比在90%及以上。在Y4连作条件下,土壤有益微生物门水平上相对丰度减少,如厚壁菌门和脱硫菌门,致病微生物门水平上相对丰度增加,如毛霉菌门和壶菌门。长期连作会导致土壤有益微生物相对丰度减少、致病微生物相对丰度增加、土壤微生物生物量碳氮比下降,进而增加烟株病害风险。因此,建立良好的耕作制度或构建微生物群落是缓解或解决连作烟田微生物群落结构失衡的关键技术途径。The changes of microbial biomass carbon,microbial biomass nitrogen,microbial diversity,microbial community structure and driving factors were analyzed in four different years including Y1(fluecured tobacco planting 1 a),Y2(flue-cured tobacco continuous cropping 3 a),Y3(flue-cured tobacco con⁃tinuous cropping 5 a)and Y4(flue-cured tobacco continuous cropping 7 a)of tobacco planting soils in Shangluo area,the hinterland of Qinling Mountains to study the changing characteristics and driving factors of microbial community structure of flue-cured tobacco soil under different continuous cropping conditions.The results showed that the microbial biomass carbon,nitrogen and carbon nitrogen ratio decreased with the increase of planting years,with the decrease of 37.16%,20.40%and 21.10%,respectively.The abun⁃dance and diversity of bacteria in soil decreased significantly.The dominant bacteria were Actinobacteriota,Proteobacteria,Chloroflexi,Acidobacteriota and Firmicutes,with the total relative abundance accounting for 80% or more.The abundance of fungi in soil increased significantly.The dominant fungi were Ascomycota,Basidiomycota and Mucoromycota,with the total relative abundance accounting for 90% or more.Under the condition of Y4 continuous cropping,the relative abundance of beneficial microorganisms such as Firmicutes and Desulfobacterota in the soil decreased.The relative abundance of pathogenic microorganisms such as Mucoromycota and Chytridiomycota increased.Long term continuous cropping will reduce the relative abun⁃dance of beneficial microorganisms in soil,increase the relative abundance of pathogenic microorganisms,and decrease the carbon nitrogen ratio of soil microbial biomass,thereby increase the risk of tobacco disease.Therefore,the establishment of a good farming system or the construction of microbial community is the key technical way to alleviate or solve the imbalance of microbial community structure in continuous crop⁃ping tobacco fields.

关 键 词：烤烟 植烟土壤 连作障碍 微生物群落 驱动因素 

分 类 号：S572.062[农业科学—烟草工业]